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HOW TO MAKE HOME 
cut on the twig should be made just beneath a node (where 
the leaves were). Place the box in a hot-bed or cold 
frame and cover with a lath or cotton shutter. In the 
absence of a hot-bed put in the shade of a tree. Do not 
allow it to dry up. In about six weeks some of the cut¬ 
tings should have rooted and may be set two or three inches 
apart in rows in the garden in the well prepared soil. The 
best time to transplant it is on a rainy day or after a rain 
when the soil is moist. Some shrubs will be ready to set 
permanently in one year; others will require two or three 
years. 
Hard wood cuttings are taken in the fall, winter, or 
early spring. Often the branches pruned are used for 
these cuttings. They are made six or eight inches long 
and may be put directly into the soil if it is ready in fall 
or spring. If cuttings are made in winter, store them lay¬ 
ing them flat in boxes of sphagmun moss, or sand until 
spring. They are set in rows, using either a dibber or 
spade. Only one bud should be left above the ground and 
at least two should be below the surface. The soil should 
be pressed firmly about the cuttings. 
LAYERING 
Layering is a very simple and natural method of re¬ 
producing shrubs. It consists of laying the lower branches 
down and pinning them down wdth earth. They soon 
root. The branch is then cut off and an independent plant 
established. This may be large enough to set in its per¬ 
manent place when first transplanted the following spring. 
GRAFTING 
Propagation by grafting is practiced to produce 
quicker results than other methods of reproduction. Graft¬ 
ing is the art of placing a portion of one plant upon an¬ 
other related plant in such a manner that the growing 
tissues of each coincide and union takes place. The plant 
grafted is the stock. The part grafted into the stock is 
called the scion. Grafting is practiced on many trees that 
do not come true from seed, such as apples, pears, etc. 
