AND CITY BEAUTIFUL 
§5 
tree may be trained as it should grow and will need little 
pruning when old. All suckers whether from the branches 
or roots should be removed. Prune regularly and systema¬ 
tically every year. Trees not properly pruned when set 
and those that have been neglected require the most care¬ 
ful treatment and care. Where the trunk is divided, 
treatment is required not only to preserve the tree, but to 
protect life and property. Any severe storm is likely to 
break down one side injuring everything that comes in its 
way. One tree in breaking may destroy enough property 
to pay for fixing a dozen trees. Such trees may be made 
safe by putting a steal bolt through the trunk just below 
where they separate and by connecting two bolts ten to fif¬ 
teen feet above with a steel chain. The chain allows for 
the natural movement of the tree. The heads of the bolts 
should be large and counter-sunk even with the inner bark, 
so the wound will heal in the shortest possible time. The 
openings with tar and oakum should be made water tight 
and the place where the trunk divides should be filled with 
tarred oakum to prevent water from entering and causing 
decay. Hollow trees are most irequently caused by improper 
pruning. When the tree is hollow, it should be treated as 
a dentist treats a hollow tooth. Clean out all the decay, 
put on a coat of tar and fill it with cement. The lives of 
many trees may be saved for years by this treatment. The 
cement should be mixed thin enough to fill all holes and 
may be made of one part cement and two parts sand. 
Large stones may be used to help fill up the cavities. 
For Ornamental Shrubs, prune to give the best 
effect. If new growths are wanted for twig effects in win¬ 
ter as the red and yellow stemed willow, cut everything 
back near the ground in March. For flowering shrubs 
prune to preserve the best natural or desired shapes and a 
medium growth. Long sap growths rarely produce 
flowers or fruit. 
For Hybrid Roses, cut back Hardy Hybrid roses 
early in the spring, severely, to about one foot from the 
ground. Leave but few buds to stimulate as much new 
