108 
PROPHYLAXIS OF MALARIA. 
age to the campaign from the military point of view, or prophylactic 
measures could be instituted in time and prevent the infection of the 
Army. 
In active operations in the field we must depend for the preven¬ 
tion of malaria upon the prophylactic use of quinine and the use 
of the mosquito net. Quinine sulphate should be given in daily 
doses of not less than 10 centigrams (gr. vi), preferably adminis¬ 
tered in 20 centigram doses morning and evening. In many and 
perhaps the majority of instances it may be found that the entire 
dose must be given at one time, and if so it is best to give it in the 
evening. The men should be assembled at a convenient time and 
the quinine administered by a medical officer, care being taken to see 
that each soldier swallows his dose. The quinine may be most con¬ 
veniently carried and dispensed in tablet form, but the utmost care 
should be taken to see that the tablets are readily soluble. 
If acute attacks of malaria develop in the command it will be 
found best to send the men disabled to the nearest field hospital, 
where the type of infection can be ascertained and properly treated, 
or, if necessary, the patient may be sent to the base hospital for 
treatment. After the plasmodia have disappeared from the blood 
the men may be returned to duty, but not before. Nothing will be 
gained by keeping men suffering from acute attacks of malarial 
fever with an advancing column, as they will only encumber it and 
may prove a source of infection to their companions. 
In all regions in which mosquitoes occur the Yedder mosquito net 
should be used in the shelter and other tents, and inspections should 
be made by medical officers in order to see that the net is being prop¬ 
erly used. Guards should wear head nets and gloves, and both the 
mosquito nets and head nets should be inspected frequently for tears 
or holes and promptly repaired. 
It is believed that with an efficient enforcement of the use of nets 
and of prophylactic quinine an army will be able to campaign in the 
most baclty infected malarial districts without suffering very greatly 
from the infection. These methods will not prevent all infection, but 
may certainly be trusted to prevent the vast number of infections 
which would otherwise occur, and which, in times past, have ren¬ 
dered entire armies useless as fighting machines. If such methods 
had been efficiently carried out at Santiago it is safe to say that 
malaria would not have placed our Army in such a position that 
retreat was actuallv considered. 
Malaria prophylaxis in semipermanent camps .—The first and 
best step in the prevention of malaria in camps of short duration is 
the selection of a region free from malaria as the camp site. Here 
again the value of a map showing such regions is evident, but in its 
absence, and, if time and military contingencies permit, much may be 
