IIJ 
ABIES DOUGLASII. 
Red Fir of the Settlers in Oregon. 
Identification. —PINUS TAXIFOLIA, Lambert, Genus Pimis, i. p. 58 (1803); Pursh, Flor. Amer. Septentr., ii. p. 640 (1814). 
PINUS DOUGLASII, Lambert, Genus Pimis, ed. 2, iii. p. 163 (1837); Antoine, Conif., p. 84 (1840-1846); Hooker, Flor. 
Bor. Amer., ii. p. 162 (1830); Endlicher, Syn. Conif., p. 87 (1847). 
ABIES DOUGLASII, Lindley, Penny Cyclop., i. p. 32 (1833); Loudon, Arboretum, iv. p. 2319 (1838); Forbes, Pinet. 
Woburn., p. 127 (1839); Loudon, Encycl. of Trees, p. 1033 (1842); Spach., Hist. Veg. Phan., xi. p. 423 (1842); Lindley and 
Gordon, Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 209(1850); Knight, Syn. Conif., p. 37 (1850); Newberry, in U. S. Pacif. Rail. Rep., 
vi. (Report on Botany), p. 56 (1857); Gordon, Pinetum, p. 15 (1858), and Supplement, p. 10 (1862); Henkel and 
Hochstetter, Synop. d. Madelholzen, p. 155 (1865); Parlatore in De Candolle's Prodromus, xvi. ii., p. 430 (1868); Hoope’s 
Book of Evergreens, p. 189 (1868). 
Engravings. — Leaves, Cones, &c. —Lambert, Genus Pinus, ed. 2, i. t. 36; and iii. t. 72; Lindley, in Penny Cyclop., p. 32; Antoine {loc. cit.), t. 33, 
fig. 3; Hook. {loc. cit.), t. 183; Loudon, Arboretum, iv., fig. 2230; Loudon, Encycl., fig. 1932; Forbes, Pinet Woburn, t. 45; 
Newberry {loc cit.), fig. 20. 
Trees. —Newberry {loc. cit.), pi. 8. 
Specific Character .—Abies grandis foliis subdistichis obtusis basi tortis, strobilis cylindricis ovatis 
squamis obovatis integris, bracteis exsertis squamis longitudine equantibus vel superantibus linearibus bilobis, 
nervo in cuspidem lobis longiorem producto. 
Habitat in Columbia Britannica, Oregon, et California. 
A magnificent tree, reaching upwards of 200 or even 300 feet in height. The bark of the young shoots 
is light reddish brown, and rather resinous; that of the older shoots is ashy grey. In aged trees it acquires 
a thickness of as much as 6 inches, and is deeply furrowed. The buds [fig. 1] are small, conico-oval, and 
surrounded with long scales, which are persistent, and 
continue for some years to form a ruff or collar at the 
base of each year’s shoot, as seen in fig. 2. The scales 
of the bud are especially prominent objects in autumn, 
from their large size and rich bright burnt-sienna colour; 
and there is a thickening of the branch just beneath 
them [fig. 3]. The branchlets are slender, generally 
without any, sometimes with very slight, pubescence. 
The scars or pulvini are absent in the young shoots, 
and even in the older shoots are usually scarcely per¬ 
ceptible, but are of the character of those of the sub-genus Tsuga (Hemlock Spruce), a transversely oval 
or roundish scar above a slight, nearly straight, longitudinal thickening [fig. 4]. The leaves are about an 
inch in length [fig. 5], flat, narrow, linear, obtuse at the apex, entire on the margin, twisted at the base, 
with a faint furrow (often absent in the young leaves) in the middle of the upper, and a keel on the middle 
of the lower side; without stomata on the upper face [fig. 6], and with from six to eight rows on each side 
[ 2 9] a of 
Fig. 2. 
a 
Fig. 4. 
