CEDRUS DEODARA. 
v 
ftomata on the leaf. If the number of ftomata were conftant and well defined in the three kinds, we fhould 
reckon it a good botanical diftindtion. Where it is tolerably conftant and defined, it is a moft ufeful one; 
but here, like fo many of the other characters of the Cedar, it is too variable to be much relied on. If we 
examine with a lens a random-plucked leaf of the Cedar of Lebanon, we fhall moft probably find that on 
the rounded back of the leaf there are at moft two or three widely feparated rows of ftomata, and on each fide 
of the midrib of the inner fide we fhall find two or three rows of ftomata; while in Cedrus Atlantica we find 
the ftomata larger and more diftmdt, and three or four rows on each fide of the midrib, and as many but 
more irregular lows on the back. In the Deodar we fhould find from four to fix rows of ftomata on each 
fide of the midrib, and on the back one or two rows, or perhaps only a few fcattered irregular ftomata towards 
the middle, and thefe broader, lefs defined, ufually without the filvery mealinefs peculiar to the ftomata of the 
fir tribe. The back in the Deodar feems more fubjedfc to depreffions, caufed by half-effaced ftomata, than 
the others. The next leaf plucked might give the fame refults; but after having examined feveral taken 
from different parts of the tree, we fhould find that the formula no longer ran true. The C. Atlantica, 
however, can generally be recognifed by the fhortnefs of its leaves; fo that four rows of ftomata on its leaf 
have proportionably more effedt than five on that of the Deodar ; befides, the contrail from the darker green 
of the leaf makes the filverinefs more apparent. 
At one time it was maintained that there was a difference in the form of the leaf when cut in fedtion, 
the leaves of one fpecies being triquetral, thofe of another being boat-fhaped, and of the third quadrangular. 
This was a pure miftake, arifing from the obfervation having been made upon dried or frefh fpecimens, 
where the leaves had or had not fhrunk into abnormal forms. They are all alike in fedtion, although they 
differ confiderably in length and breadth. 
The cone of the African fpecies is fmaller than that of either thofe of C. Libani or C. Deodar a: thefe 
are about equal in fize. The form of the Deodar cone is perhaps a little more oblate 
Difference t han that G f the others, but the difference is certainly very 
in the cone. J J 
flight. Fig. 9 fhews the relative form of all three ; the plain 
line indicates that of C. Libani, the fhaded line that of C. Deodara , and 
the dotted line that of C. Atlantica. Thefe outlines are copied from the 
figures publifhed by Dr Hooker (. Natural Hijlory Review for Jan. 1862), 
as the moft charadteriftic he could find of the different fpecies; but there 
would, we think, be no difficulty in picking out fpecimens of all three which 
fhould fit the fame profile. 
This was a fpecific charadter formerly much relied upon. It was 
thought that the feales of the Cedar of Lebanon never 
Difference in the feparated fpontaneouffy from the axis, while thofe of the 
perfiftence of the , . . -n i • i • i 
scales of the cone. Deodar did fo readily. I his is a miltake into which many 
men of eminence fell from want of Efficient materials and 
information. They received cones of the C. Libani from Lebanon, and 
thefe were fo hard and fo perfiftent, that mechanical means had to be 
contrived for breaking up the cone. Lambert fays—“The following is the 
beft mode of extracting them (the feeds) from the cones: let a hole be bored with a gimlet exadtly 
through the middle of each cone from the bafe to the apex. Put them in a tub of water, in which 
they remain until next day, then let a wooden peg, rather bigger than the gimlet, be thruft into the 
hole, and it will fo divide the cones that the different feales may be taken away and the feeds picked 
out< ”_ [Gemts Pinus , ii. 90.) Somewhat ftmilar inftrudtions are given by M. Loifeleur Deflongchamps, 
with a little more detail, fuch as fawing off the bafe of the cone, putting the cones in a vice, &c. 
Had Mr Lambert or M. Deflongchamps lived near a grove of old Cedars, they would not have 
fallen into this error. They would have found that the whole of the feales and feeds drop from 
the axis (as in any other Picea ) when nature is ready for the operation. If plucked before Ihe is 
[ 9 ] c ready, 
Fig. 9. 
