CEDRUS LIBANI 
may be said to make a slight growth annually, but so slowly that it can scarcely be perceived; hence many 
of these buds may be found on old trees, which have eight or ten rings, each ring being the growth of one 
year; and sometimes they ramify a little. The leaves (fig. 2) are from one to two inches in length, 
quadrangular and needle-shaped, and their margins entire, smaller at the base and apex than in the middle, 
and they rest upon phyllulae as 
in Spruce Firs (fig. 3). They 
have usually about three rows of 
Fig. 1. 
Fig. 4. 
Fig- 5 - 
stomata on each of the four sides (fig. 4); but these stomata are sometimes not apparent, or at least 
not easily seen on one or other or both of the two upper sides. The transverse section of the leaf 
(fig. 5, plan) shews the presence of thick hypoderm and of two resin canals on the under surface 
near the epidermis; and the structure of the leaf is the same in C. A tlantica and Deodara. 
The flowers appear in the month of August, and are produced from the midst of the tufts of 
leaves. The male catkins (fig. 6) are from one and a half to two inches in length, tapering, curved, 
growing upwards : when the tree flowers freely, they appear in great numbers, so as quite to clothe 
the branchlets on which they grow. They are composed of many sessile flowers (figs. 7, 8, and 9), 
imbricated round a common axis; and each consists of what is called the crest of the anther, with 
two sessile stamens at its base united along the middle, making what is called a bilocular anther. 
The crest, when young, is crimson brown, and the stamens yellow or greenish; when older, the whole 
Fig. 6. - Fig. 11. Fig. 12. 
male flower is reddish brown. The pollen is yellow and plentiful; the grains usually globular, and rather 
large. The female catkins, when young, are short, erect, broadly ovate, and purple (fig. io). If examined 
at an early stage, they will be seen to be composed of scales and bracts. At the earliest stage of all, 
doubtless, the bract, which, like the crest of the anther in the male flower, is equivalent to the petal, will 
be first visible: the scale, however, soon takes precedence, as shewn in fig. 11. On the other (the inner) 
side of the scale, the two seeds are at first provided with a two-eared mouth or opening, with an ear on 
each side, as in fig. 12. That figure is copied from Lambert’s “ Genus Pinus”; and it is interesting 
to 
