CEDRUS LIBANI 
I 2 
Ehden, and another in the district Ed-Dunniyeh, south of Akkar; but he visited neither of them 
personally. He, however, was at Etnub, north of Ehden, where the region is wooded, and there he 
found Cedars to the number of several thousands. 
In respect to the grove near El Hadith (which the natives and others speak of as Arz, Cedar), 
Dr. Robinson, in his “ Biblical Researches,” says that he was informed by Dr. Paulding of Damascus, 
that although the trees bear a general resemblance to the Cedar, yet their leaves were altogether different, 
and mark them as a different kind of tree. But Mr. Tristram thinks that Dr. Paulding must have been 
either mistaken in his botany or in his topography. 
Hemprich and Ehrenberg next added to the number of known habitats. These eminent naturalists 
spent a considerable time on Lebanon, and found Cedars between Tripoli and Beyrout. They mention 
this in their Report in 1823, but they do not specify the exact locality. Dr. Robinson, however, states 
that Ehrenberg told him that he had found the Cedars growing abundantly on those parts of the mountain 
lying north of the road between Baalbec and Tripoli, and that the trees were of all sizes, old and young, but 
none so antient and venerable as those usually visited. Sir Joseph Hooker, however, obtained further 
information from him, which he, in his paper on the Cedars of Lebanon, has noticed; (Hooker, op. cit ,;, 
1862, p. 4.) He there mentions that, in answer to his inquiries, Professor Ehrenberg informed him that 
he had found many Cedars in the forests of Oak, &c., on the route between Bsherreh and Bshinnate. 
These two places lie about five miles apart, north and south, as the crow flies, and the former is about 
three miles west of the main grove. The trees noticed by Ehrenberg, therefore, are obviously only 
stragglers from or part of the main detachment at the head of the valley of the Kedisha. 
M. Bove, ex-director of Agriculture of Ibrahim Pacha at Cairo, met with a new habitat on the route 
from Baalbec to Beyrout. He says: “The nth of October, 1861, I set out from Sakhlehe, conducted 
by Maromb guides, to go to Der El Khamar.We crossed a valley in the afternoon, of 
which the right was enclosed by a mountain, on whose summit grew some thousands of Pinus Cedmis 
covered with flowers. These trees are from one to four yards in circumference, and their height exceeds 
fifteen yards. I think that these Cedars owe their preservation to their position on mountains of difficult 
access, and distant from towns where their timber would be of use, and to which it could only be 
transported on the backs of animals.” ( Annal. des Sciences Naturelles , 2d ser., vol. i., p. 235.) 
M. Laure, in 1863, remarked: “Above the village of Ehden one sees large trees which the distance 
does not permit to recognise, but the natives affirm them to be Cedars.” (Laure in “ Cultivateur 
Provencal,” p. 317.) 
Sir Joseph Hooker visited the Cedar Grove himself, along with Captain (afterwards Admiral) 
Washington and Captain Maunsell, in i860, and the paper by Sir Joseph Hooker, above referred to, 
gives an account of their observations. They did not, however, meet with any additional groves; but 
the Rev. R. B. Tristram, who with a party of naturalists made an extended tour in Palestine in 1863, 
having more time, was more successful. Pie seems to have re-discovered one (he thinks two) of 
the groves mentioned by Seetzen in 1805, and at any rate, found four localities in all, including the chief 
grove, and one of these at least, and perhaps the largest, was previously unknown. The first additional 
habitat which he discovered was the following :— 
“Just above the fountain of Ehden, towards Bsherreh, stands another clump of antient Cedars, which, though fine old trees, have from their 
comparatively smaller size been neither noticed nor recorded by travellers. They are probably a relic of the antient forests which may have 
extended along the edge of the valley.” (Tristram’s “ Land of Israel,” p. 626.) 
The second discovery is thus described :— 
“ We sent on our mules direct to Akurah, but determined to make a slight detour ourselves, in order to visit a district marked by Van de Valde 
as not examined. We had hardly left Hazrun, when we had to turn our backs on the romantic Kadisha, and climb the bare shoulder of Lebanon 
which projects to the south-west, in order to reach El Hadith. As we were riding up the steep, we met two men carrying firewood, and Lowndes’ 
quick eye at once detected some boughs of Cedar. We eagerly inquired where they found Arz. They pointed to some scattered trees on a 
bare hill-side, between El-Hadith and Niha, which they said were all Arz. On examination we found they were quite right. The nearer slopes 
were 
