26 
Journal New York Entomological Society. 
LVoi. iv. 
Cocoon. —Thin, almost papery, of dark brown silk, single, but 
with some loose silk without; elliptical, less definite in shape than in 
Clisiocampa, the ends thinner than the central portion. Size 35 x 15 mm. 
Pupa _Robust, the abdomen large, thicker than the thorax, 
slightly curved ventrally, the anal rounded, pilose, without cremaster, 
three moveable incisures, viz. 4-5, 5-6, 6-7th abdominal segments 
(corresponding to joints 8-9, 9-10, 10-11 of the larva) the other in¬ 
cisures behind the 8th abdominal segment distinct, but fixed. Spiracles 
large, distinct, present on abdominal segments 2 to 8. Cases smooth, 
compact, firmly united, the joinings marked by darker lines; the leg 
cases reach to the end of the third abdominal, wing cases to middle of 
the fourth, antennae cases opposite the end of the fourth segment. 
Head and thorax pilose, abdomen less distinctly so; cases smooth. 
Color light reddish brown, the incisures, spiracles and sutures darker. 
Length 25 mm., width 10 mm. 
LITERATURE ON DEFENSIVE OR REPUGNATO- 
RIAL GLANDS OF INSECTS. 
By A. S. Packard. 
Aldrovandus, U. —De animalibus insectis libri septem cum singulorum 
iconibus ad vivum expressis. Denuo impress: Bonon. apud Clementem Ferronium 
1638, p. 273. [The first edition was in 1602.] 
Moufet, T. —Insectorum sive minimorum animalium theatrum . . London, 
1634. pp. 185-186. 
Goedart, J. —Metamorphosis naturalis sive insectorum historia . . Amstelo- 
dami, 1700. Pars 2, p. 136. [French ed. of 1700, t. 2, p. 162; Lister’s Latin ed. 
London, 1685, p. 60.] 
Reaumur, R. A. F. —Memoires pour servir a l’histoire des insectes . . 
Paris, 1736, t. 2, pp. 266-269, pi. 21-22. [t. 2, partie 2, pp. 21-23 of the Amster¬ 
dam ed. of 1737-1748.] 
De Geer, C. —Observation sur la propriete singulidre qu’ ont les grandes 
chenilles a quatorze jambes et a double queue, du saule, de seringuer de la liqueur. 
(Mem. sav. etrang. Paris, 1750, i, pp. 530-531, pi. Goetze und Bonnet, etc. au- 
serlesene abhandlungen, 1774, p. 220.) 
Schaffer, J. C. —Neuendeckte theile an raupen und zweyfaltern . , Regens¬ 
burg. J 754 - 
Sulzer, J. H. —Die kennzeichen der insekten . . Zurich, 1761, pp. 65-67 
pb 5 . % 34 - 
Muller, O. F. —Pile-larven med dobbelt hale, og dens phalaene . . Kjoben- 
havn, 1772, pp. 53-56, pi. 2, fig. 3-5. 
