116 
Journal New York Entomological Society. 
[Vol. IV. 
female artonis and male eurynome , and male artonis and female eury¬ 
nome. This is also true (I think) of the eurynome found in Alberta, 
N. W. T., and the unsilvered clio. There is no doubt about these be¬ 
ing all one species, and we may possibly add to them opis and bischoffi , 
the latter representing the upper end of the vertical chain, it being the 
dark arctic form which we would naturally expect. We need more 
information about Columbia , hippolyta , s emir amis, Uliana, laura, ru- 
pestris , mac aria, egleis, bellona and epithore. Carpenterii is the Al¬ 
pine form of cybele and it is of interest to know that it has been produced 
in Colorado and Arizona by altitude and in British America by latitude. 
A friend has recently told me he was sure he had seen the form alcestis 
flying with aphrodite in North Carolina. Some of our smaller species 
are also gradational geographical forms, as, for instance, montinus , 
boisduvalii and butlerii may also come in this category. 
In regard to the anicia group of Melitcea I have the wisdom of Soc¬ 
rates, “ I know that I know nothing; others know not even this.” I 
have species, lots of them of value equal to those already described. 
Wrightii is the Southern form of leanira, and I have intergrades. Most 
of our specimens of leanira came from San Francisco and of wrightii 
from Los Angeles Co. Let us have the gradations from between. 
Sterope, acastus , palla and whitneyii are dangerously close. I should have 
said that alma is the desert form of leanira, and fulvia is very close to 
alma, if not the same. Hoffmanni I believe to be an aberration of 
whitneyii . Perse and char a are probably seasonal forms of one species. 
Thekla I take to be an aberration of bollii. 
Phyciodes batesii needs investigation. I mistrust its specific value. 
Camillas is probably the central area form of pratensis. Mr. Edwards 
has established the identity of Synchloe adjutrix and crocale from the 
physiological standpoint (breeding). This had already been pointed 
out by Godman and Salvin from the morphological standpoint. 
In Grapta the doubtful species are hylas , rusticus and silvius. 
Silenus looks like an occasional aberration. In the species of Vanessa 
and Pyrameis we have my idea of true species. Junonia ccenia , 
genoveva and nigrita are probably all one. 
I have a large amount of material in Apatura and feel sure the 
species as listed will be reduced in number. I think the species of 
Ccenonympha as they now stand will be reduced at least one-half. Ocelli, 
spots and color are all of doubtful value as we now interpret them. My 
quotations from the English literature on the subject apply to our species 
also. I can see but one species in Hipparchia ridingsii and dionysius . 
