Sept. iSg6.] Skinner: Study of N. American Butterflies. 117 
Satyrus needs study and revision, and I do not care to say much about 
them now, only that aricine has almost less than varietal value. Mr. 
Edwards has published a most interesting and instructive account of the 
species of Chionobas found in California, Oregon and Vancouver. He 
shows that these forms differ slightly and also shows that in the certain 
localities where they have been taken (where collectors are accidently 
found) the characters of the localities are different. He also says they 
are not found in the intervening territory. Now from my point of view 
I would not expect them to be the same if taken many miles apart, but 
would expect to find certain differences of less than specific value. 
The part of his argument which does not seem to me to be conclu¬ 
sive or proven is the alleged fact that the forms are not found in 
the intervening territory. I think they are probably found in places 
and that they would show the gradational, geographical, vertical, dis¬ 
tributional differences seen in all Lepidoptera. I know this to be ab¬ 
solutely true of other species occurring in Oregon and Vancouver, and 
that they differ as much if not more than do Chionobas califoriiica 
and gigas. This is true, for instance, of Parnassius clodius. Are we, 
therefore, to give one of these forms a new name ? Of the semidea 
group I have nothing to say at present. Libythea bachmani and carin- 
enta I believe to be one species, larvata probably being a variety of the 
latter form. Carineiita differs from its more northern representative in 
the same way as many other butterflies found North and South—for in¬ 
stance, like Pamphila var. egeremet and otho. Lemonias mar mo, duryi, 
cythera and virgulti need investigation both geographically and in re¬ 
gard to seasonal broods. Calephelis species are open to some doubt. 
Thecla and Lyccena need study badly, also from the geographical and 
seasonal standpoints, especially the latter. All Lycaenidae should have 
on pin exact date of capture as well as exact locality. Melinus is a 
species of great variability and found all over the United States; it is 
the same thing whether from Maine, Vancouver, Florida or Arizona— 
the same tune but with variations. There are too many to mention, 
and I am sure there will be a certain amount of dropping in values. 
In Chrysophanus , on a guess, I should say arota and virginiensis 
were perhaps seasonal differences and xanthoides and dione differ be¬ 
cause the one is found in California and the other in Iowa. Floras would 
seem to be a variety of helloides , if it is not the dorcas of Kirby. The 
Greenland hypophlceas differs wonderfully from Pennsylvania specimens, 
and is more entitled to specific value than is sirius , the more Eastern 
rubidus. The one shows the vertical differences and the other the hori- 
