10 
Journal New York Entomological Society. 
[Vol. VI. 
ENDROMIDIDaE. 
The subprimary tubercles of the larva (3 and 5) in stage I are 
wanting on the thoracic segments ([ to III). On the abdominal seg¬ 
ments the subprimary tubercle 6 is also wanting. In the “Saturnii- 
den,” page 6,1 figure abdominal segment, but the bristles marked “ 6 ” 
are too low down for this and evidently belong to 7. I indicate this 
doubt in the text (p. 5). On the same segments the tubercles 5 and 4 
are separate. There appears to me no insuperable objection to the 
view, that Endromis represents an isolated form of the Hawk Moth 
stem, separating soon after this stem had emerged from the Tineid 
trunk. The retention of the intercostal vein is then an independent sur¬ 
vival of a character shared by both when the Endromid branch made its 
separate way. Dyar has enabled us to show that the type of the En¬ 
dromid larva is opposed to the Saturnian and the latter' to the Sphing¬ 
oid type. The neuration excuses me in considering Endromis as an aber¬ 
rant Sphingoid type. It is not improbable that the larva of an existing 
generalized Sphinx might throw some light on the matter through a 
comparison of parallel stages. When we turn from the larva to the 
pupa, we find that the segments of the abdomen are capable of move¬ 
ment in Endromis and by their aid the pupa is forced out of the cocoon 
before exclusion, as in Anthrocera , Cossus and the Tineides gen¬ 
erally. Preparations before me of Endromis and Anthrocera , hatched in 
my breeding cages, show a striking similarity in this habit. The Sphing- 
idae seem to have the habit also, inasmuch as the naked pupa is stated 
to wriggle its way to the surface of the ground to allow the escape of the 
moth. Such species as transform on the surface within a slight cocoon 
have not, to my knowledge, been observed as to this point. This habit 
indicates a direct connection of the Sphingides with the Tineides. 
The links between Endromis and Sphinx appear to have dropped out 
also those by which we might more surely trace the relationship between 
adult forms of the Sphingides and Tineides. Nevertheless, I call atten¬ 
tion to the fact that the Anthroceridae represent a Tineid branch possi¬ 
bly related to the stem which threw off the existing Sphingides. 
Leaving these characters, we will consider the neuration. And first 
the shape of the wings is modified, and this probably in accordance 
with the method of flight. Disposed as I am to consider the Sphingides 
and Saturniades as parallel groups, each specialized in a different way, 
and the Saturniades unquestionably the more highly so, I would com¬ 
pare the Endromididse with the Saturniadse and the Sphingidse with the 
