20 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.vi. 
there is a difference in the closeness of contact we have urged. This 
difference is the measure of their nearness to a common ancestor. 1 hus 
Attacus and Saturnia are close together, while Hemileuca stands aparta 
little, still sharing the common type of wing which is indicated y 
the long stem of the two upper branches of the Media. And Aglia and 
Automeris are, in an opposite way, quite nearly related; while Citheronia 
stands still further off from these and is much more by itself, though still 
exhibiting the Aglian type of wing, the absence of stem to the upper 
branches of the Media, the transverse cross vein, the stiff, equal dis¬ 
tanced, parallel veins. To a brief review of what we have published 
about Citheronia we devote the rest of this paper. 
The student must study with this paper what Dr. Dyar has written 
in Can. Ent., 1896, 303, and the phylogeny there given. The drawing 
there given is correct, except that I suppose the original Aglian stem (as¬ 
sumed to be represented by the existing Citheronian branch) has given 
off both Aglia and Automeris ; whether together, or one after another, or 
whether Aglia be an outcome of Automerid like ancestors, which I am 
now inclined to assume, I do not decide. My original view of the 
separation of the six into the two groups is here maintained. I placed 
Hemileuca parallel with Citheronia , or but slightly advanced from the 
difference in general type, from the common retention of vein VIII of 
secondaries. Above Citheronia , as having proceeded from the same 
stem I placed successively Automeris and Aglia , the latter being the 
most specialized. The antennal characters bear out this division. In the 
AMian group the female antennm are short and simple, with few excep¬ 
tions in specialized forms. In Attacus and Saturnia they become 
pectinate. I consider Citheronia as specialized in peculiar directions, 
and as having lost much original character and added new ; still, by the 
retention of vein VIII, as being, rather, the representative in direct line 
of the original stem. But this view is, for the moment at least, 
subordinate in importance to the correct placing of Hemileuca , to the 
breaking up of the assemblage of Automeris and Hemileuca by Grote 
and Robinson, Packard, Comstock and Dyar. This is the main classih- 
catory result which I believed to have attained in my recent studies of the 
Emperor Moths. For, whether Citheronia represents the main branch 
(in assuming which I am not a little influenced by Dr. Packard’s 
paper), or whether Automeris , is clearly of inferior value to the main 
fact, that Aglia , Automeris and Citheronia belong together, while At- 
taels , Saturnia and Hemileuca represent another, and, on the whole, 
more advanced phylogenetic line upon the same stem. The student 
