99 
[Vol.*VL 
Journal New York Entomological Society. 
comes into near contact with the Cubitus, thus following the course of 
specialization in the entire group, by which the middle branch of the 
Media becomes radial in disintegration. But the pattern remains dis¬ 
tinctly Aglian, the veins are stiff, tend, even in the most highly special¬ 
ized forms, to remain equidistant, there is no effort to lead to the 
Saturnian pattern, indeed there seems no possibility of a progression in 
this direction, vein IVi having taken quite a contrary course, a course 
entered upon already by the most generalized form, Eacles. But this 
course is possible from the Aglian, not possible from the Saturnian types. 
Vein VIII of the secondaries is retained, while it is shortening. Know¬ 
ing, as we do from Dyar’s studies, that the larva conforms to the Satur- 
niades type, it becomes a matter of comparative less importance whether 
we confer upon the Citheronians family rank. Under this general view 
of the position of Citheronia , we consider the slighter correspondences 
in venation with the Hawk Moths to stand in relation to the narrowing 
of the wings and the habit of pupating in the ground to have been 
separately acquired. The Citheronians have pursued a peculiar path in 
evolution and one that stands in relation with their comparatively 
limited geographical distribution. They seem confined, as long aga 
pointed by me, to America, east of the rocky backbone of the two 
continents. 
From the clear exposition of Dyar, Can. Ent., 28, 303, it seems im¬ 
possible to reconcile a phylogeny based on the larval tubercles of the 
Saturniades with the one proposed by me on the neuration. Taking the 
latter as the final appeal we are obliged to suppose, that Attacus and 
Saturnia on the one hand and Aglia on the other have independently 
acquired the tubercles on anal plate. According to the value placed by 
Dyar on these organs, I must agree that this seems impossible. On the 
other hand, I cannot find it probable, indeed, it scarcely seems to me 
possible, that Aglia (which, in the same wing pattern of venation, 
clearly represents a more specialized type than Automens ) should belong 
to the Saturnian branch and wing pattern, as a generalized type. Nor 
does it seem to me within the range of probability, that Automens or 
Citheronia could have produced the wing pattern of Hemileuca. On 
our respective trees, the groups represented by Hemileuca and Aglia 
change places. The female antennae of Aglia, Automens and Cither¬ 
onia are of one type, so far as I can see; also those of Attacus, Satur¬ 
nia and Hemileuca hold together, both types appearing distinctive. 
Hemileuca is just what one would expect of a generalized Saturnian 
Aglia, just what one could agree that a specialized Automerid might 
