152 
Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vi. 
This species is more generalized than its ally, T. pallida. It is the 
stem form, from which pallida is just beginning to diverge. It is the 
more northern form of the two and in this again shows its ancestral 
condition, since, belonging to the Palaearctic Eucleids, it is less distantly 
removed from the ancient habitat of the group. 
Affinities, Habits, Etc. 
This larva is closely allied to T. pallida. It has all the same struc¬ 
ture and coloration, differing only in certain details which might be 
considered to be of but varietal rank, except that they prove to be con¬ 
stant. The certain differentiation of these larvae is difficult except when 
the whole life history is seen, and then a number of differences appear. 
The real difference between the species is found in the date of occur¬ 
rence. The moths of testacea emerge unusually early, nearly a month 
before the allied species. My dates are June ioth to 14th for moths 
bred at Long Island. Professor G. H. Hudson finds June 9th to 22d 
for all the moths he has taken at light at Plattsburgh during a series of 
years. Consequently, full grown larvae are found early, often during 
July at the time when T. pallida is hatching. This is not a case of two 
differently colored broods, as I thought at one time. Both species are 
strictly single brooded, like all the other northern Eucleids. The power 
of early emergence gives T. testacea a northern range, since it pupates 
in time to avoid early frosts. In the Adirondacks it was the only Eu- 
cleid met with. 
The larva is a rather low feeder, occurring in the same situations as 
its ally, T. pallida. The habits are the same. There are seven larval 
stages, occasionally six by the omission of stage II and still more rarely 
eight by the interpolation of an extra stage before the last, as Mr. L. 
H. Joutel tells me happened to a larva that I sent him to breed. 
Criticism of Previous Descriptions. 
I have no references to this larva as such. Probably the descriptions 
referred to T. pallida cover testacea in part, but I find it difficult to sort 
them out without dates of occurrence. The diagnosis given by Miss 
Morton and myself (Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., Ill, 146) of (?) T. 
testacea refers more probably to Kroncea minufa Reakirt. Miss Morton 
thought she had bred the larva, getting an imago testacea, but there 
must have been some error. I followed her opinion at the time of 
writing the synopsis as I had not then bred testacea myself. A corrected 
table will be given at the end of these articles. My account of T. pal - 
