P H A 
themfelves, like a man with a fcythe in his hand cutting 
down the grafs of the meadow as he goes along. Thefe 
habits of the moth render them among the moft deftruc- 
tive of infefts. The moft coftjy articles of fur are thofe 
which are not worn every day; and for that very reafon 
they are moft expofed to their attacks. The methods for 
preventing their devaftations may be reduced to the two 
following; either we muft deftroy the infe&s, or render 
our clothes difagreeable food for them. The moths may 
be deftroyed by oil, or the fumes of tobacco ; and, as 
wool is never fubjeff to their depredations fo long as it 
remains upon the Iheep, the moft likely method of render¬ 
ing it difagreeable, is by reftoring that greafy fubftance 
which is taken from it by waffling, and other procefles 
which it undergoes when manufactured. 
I. Bombyx. Antennae filiform ; two feelers, which are 
compreffed and reflefted ; tongue Ihort, mem¬ 
branaceous, obtufe, and bifid; the larva is fix- 
teen-footed, often hairy ; the pupa is pointed at 
the tip. 
a. Wings expanded. 
i. Phalasna Atlas. This is the largeft and moft fplendid 
of the Phalaenas known : the fpecific character is; wings 
falcate, varied with yellow, white, and ferruginous, with 
a tranfparent fpot on each ; that on the upper pair with 
a contiguous finaller one. The extent of the-wings of 
this infedf meafures between eight and nine inches; the 
ground colour is a very fine deep orange brown, and in 
the middle of each wing is a large fub-triangular tranfpa¬ 
rent fpot or patch, refembling the appearance of a piece 
of mufcovy talc; each of thefe tranfparent parts is fuc- 
ceeded by a black border, and acrofs all the wings run 
lighter and darker bars, exhibiting a very fine affortment 
of varying {hades; the upper wings are flightly curved 
downwards at their tips, in a falcated manner, and the 
lower wings are edged with a border of black fpots, on a 
palfe buff-coloured ground; the antennae are widely pec¬ 
tinated, with a quadruple feries of fibres, exhibiting a 
highly elegant appearance. This infedf is found in 
America and.the Eaft Indies, and varies in fize and co¬ 
lours. The larva is verticillate, with hairy tubercles; 
and it fpins a web of ftrong yellowifh filk, that is difficult 
to be untwifted. This has been fliown on the Entomo¬ 
logy Plate II. fig. 12. and the complete infedf is exhibited 
at fig. 2. of the annexed Engraving. 
2. Phalasna erythrinas: wings brownifh, with a waved 
pale ftreak. The larva is yellowifh, with black fpiracles, 
and four black fpines on the collar, and two near the tail; 
as exhibited on the Entomology Plate II. fig. 8, 9, 10. 
vol.'vi. 
3. Phalasna luna, the moon-moth : wings tailed; both 
furfaces alike, pea-green, with a tranfparent lunule eye 
on each fide. This is a large and extremely beautiful in¬ 
fedf; its colour is a moft elegant pea-green, with a fmall 
yellowifh eye-fhaped fpot, with a tranfparent centre in the 
middle of each wing, and the lower wings produced 
at the bottom into a long and broad tail, or continuation ; 
the ridge of the upper wings is broad, and of a fine purple- 
brown colour; the head and thorax are of a yellowifh- 
'• white, and the body milk-white. This fpecies is repre- 
fented at fig. 3. It is an American infedf; and we are re¬ 
ferred by Shaw and others to Catcfby, Plate 84.. where in¬ 
deed we find the form of this moth ; but the colours do 
not agree. 
4. Phalasna pavonia, the peacock-moth : wings rounded, 
clouded with grey, and barred with grey beneath; each 
of them has a nidfitant femitranfparent eye. In fome 
books this is called the P. Junonia: it is found in various 
parts of Europe; it meafures nearly fix inches in extent 
of wings, and is varied by a moft beautiful affortment of' 
colours, confiding of different fhades of deep and light 
grey, black, brown, &c. on the middle of each wing is an 
eye-fhaped fpot, having the difk black, {haded on one fide 
with blue; furrounded with red-brown, and the whole 
Vol. XX. No. 1349. 
L M N A. 37 
included by a circle of black : laftly, all the wings are 
bordered by a deep edging of very pale brown, with a 
whiter line immediately adjoining to the darker part of 
the wing; the antennas are finely pedfinated ; the larva, 
which feeds on the apple, pear, &c. is not much lefs 
beautiful than the perfect infedf ; it is of a fine yellowifh- 
green colour, with each fegment of the body ornamented 
by a row of upright prominences of a bright blue colour, 
with black radiated edges, and furrounded by long black 
filaments, each of which terminates in a clavated tip. This 
larva, when ready for its change, envelops itfelf in an 
oval web, with a pointed extremity, and transforms itfelf 
into a large fhort chryfalis, out of which, in due time, 
emerges the moth. 
а. Ph. pav. minor, the fmaller peacock-moth, com¬ 
monly called the emperor-moth , is a native of England. It 
refembles the former, the larva and pupa being exadfly 
of the fame appearance, but on a much fmaller fcale. The 
perfedt infedf exhibits the brighteft and moft beautiful 
colours ; as fliown at fig. 4. 
5. Phalasna Achelous : wings ferruginous; all of them 
with a wdiite band, and the upper pair with a white dot. 
A native of America. 
б. Phalasna argulata: wings fcalloped, indented; the 
lower ones truncated, and very obtufe. A native of 
Surinam, as is the next alfo. 
7. Phalsena liberia : upper wings cinereous or reddifii, 
with dark fpots and {freaks ; lower ones fulvous, with a 
black eye. 
8. Phalasna tau : wings of a brick colour, adorned with 
an eye of a violet colour, having a white fpear-fhaped 
pupil. It is found in many parts of Europe, as well as in 
this country, It feeds on the birch. The larva is green, 
marked on the fides with oblique wdiite ftreaks; the back 
is covered with knots. The pupa is light brown and. 
hairy. This is reprefented on Plate II. at fig. 5. 
b. Wings reverfed. 
9. Phalasna populifolia: wings teftaceous, indented, 
with numerous brown lunules. It is a native of Europe; 
and found on the white poplar. 
10. Phalasna quercifolia: wdngs indented, ferruginous ; 
mouth and flianks black. This is found in our own 
country on grafs, the floe, the pear, apple, and wdllow, 
trees. See fig. 6. The larva is hairy, of a rufty colour, 
with a blue neck, and furnifhed with a flight tail. The 
pupa is brown, and marked wi;h red bands. 
11. Phalasna trifolii: wings ferruginous; upper pair 
with a pale ftreak and white dot; the lower ones imma¬ 
culate. See fig. 7. 
12. Phalsena potatoria : wings flightly indented,yellow- 
brown, with an oblique fulvous line, and two white dots, 
in the upper pair. See fig. 8. The larva is tailed, crefted, 
hairy, dark brown, fpeckled with wdiite; the pupa is foi- 
liculate, dark brown ; the eggs are oblong, and of a lead- 
colour, with a green ring at each end, and a dot in the 
middle. 
13. Phalasna pini : wings grey, fpeckled with brown, 
with a ferruginous band and bafe, and triangular white 
dot. This is fhowm at fig. 9. 
14. Phalsena rubi: wings fawn-coloured, marked with 
two whitifh ftreaks on their upper furface. It is found 
on the bramble and willow; and is fliown at fig. 10. and 
an under view at fig. 11. The larva is hairy, black on the 
under fide, and of a rufty colour, marked with black rings 
on the upper fide. When young, it is covered with a 
veil of black filk. The pupa is blackifh, marked with 
three yellow rings, and enclofed in a covering of filk. 
15. Phalsena vinula, the pufs-moth: wings grey, with 
blackifh waves and ftreaks; thorax and abdomen grey, 
fpotted with brown. This is a remarkably elegant infedf, 
but without any gaiety of colour, being a middle-fized 
white moth, variegated with numerous fmall black ftreaks 
and fpecks ; the thorax and abdomen are extremely 
downy, and the body is marked with tranfverfe black 
bars. See fig. 12. 
L 
The 
