P H A 
lower ones yellow, fpotted with black ; the abdomen is 
black, with red belts. It inhabits Surinam. 
33. Phalsena pudibunda: wings cinereous, with three 
waved'brown ftreaks. 
34. Phalsena fafcellina : wings cinereous, with black 
fpecks and two fulvous ftreaks. 
35. Phalsena leucophsea : wings brown, upper pair with 
a broad whitifh ftreak, a black line at the bale, and a white 
dot at the hind angle. This and the next are natives of 
America. 
36. Phalaenaleucoftigma : wings grey, upper pair with 
black ftreaks and lines, and a white lunule at the hind 
angle. The female is apterous. 
37. Phalsena bucephala: wings grey, with two double 
brown fiexuous ftreaks, and a large yellow fpot at the 
tip. This is fliown on Plate III. at fig. 19. 
38. Phalsena monacha : wings white, waved with black, 
marked with blood-coloured rings between the fegments 
of the abdomen. It is found on the bramble, the willow, 
t he apple, the oak, and different fpecies of the pine. See 
fig. 20. 
39. Phalsena erminea: wings white,with fcattered black 
dots: the abdomen is marked with five rows of black 
dots. The thighs of this infeft are covered with ferru¬ 
ginous wool. See fig. 21. and the caterpillar, fig. 22. 
40. Phalsena lubriciperda: wings pale orange, with 
black dots, generally placed in an oblique tranfverfe row. 
See figs. 23, 24. 
41. Phalsena mendica : wings of the male brown, ob- 
fcure; of the female white, pellucid; both dotted with 
black. See fig. 25. 
42. Phalsena papyratia : wings fnowy, with black dots 
at the tip ; the abdomen has five rows of black dots. See 
fig. 26. and the caterpillar at fig. 27. 
43. Phalsena chryforrhsea : wings fnowy ; tail bearded, 
ferruginous. It inhabits this and other countries of 
Europe. See fig. 28. The larva of this infeft is grega¬ 
rious, hairy, blackifh, with two red lines down the back ; 
the eggs are covered with a fulvous wool. 
44. Phalsena crataegi: wings rounded, dark cinereous, 
with a darker band; tail bearded. See fig. 29. 
45. Phalsena Jacobaea : wings brown, with a red line 
and two dots; the lower ones are red, edged with black. 
Fig. 30. 
46. Phalsena caja, the great tyger-mo-th : upper wings 
whitifh, with irregular blackifh fpots; lower ones Orange, 
fpotted with black. This fpecies is one of the larger 
Englifh moths. See fig. 31. The larva is of a deep brown, 
with white fpecks; extremely hairy and feeds on plants. 
It changes into a chryfalis in June, and the fly appears in 
July. See fig. 32. 
d. Wings recumbent. 
47. Phalsena crotolarise : upper wings purple, with 
ocellar black fpots; lower ones red, fpotted with black : 
This and the two next are natives of India. 
48. PhalsenS ricini : wings dufky, with numerous fub- 
ocellar brown fpots; the lower ones are red, fpotted with 
black. It is found on the ricinus. 
49. Phalaena dominula: wings glofly-black, with white 
and reddiih fpots ; the lower ones are of a dull red, with 
black fpots. A native of Europe. See fig. 33. 
50. Phalsena gonoltigma, the orange tuffock-moth: 
wings brown, with two oppofite white fpots. This is 
reprefented, in its different ftates, on the Plate of Hype¬ 
ricum, or St. John’s wort, vol. x. p. 648. 
51. Phalsena fuliginofa, (fee fig. 34. of the annexed 
Engraving:) wings red-browm, with a double black dot; 
the abdomen is red, and it is black on the back. The 
larva of this infefl is hairy and ferruginous, with black 
head and fore-legs; it wanders over the fnow in winter, 
and is faid to prognofticate a cold fummer, and fcarcity 
where it appears in confiderable numbers. 
e. Wings convolute. 
52. Phalsena bella: wings yellow, with fix bands of 
Vol. XX. No. 1349. 
L I N A. 41 
black dots; the lower ones are red, tipt with black. It 
is a native of North America. 
53. Phalsena ornatrix: wings whitifh, the margin red 
dotted with black ; the lower ones are varied with white 
and black. Found in various parts of America. 
54. Phalsena umber: wings black ; front and abdomen 
fulvous. It inhabits Surinam. 
55. Phalsena hiftrio: wings fulvous, with numerous 
white fpots furrounded with blue. It inhabits the South 
American iffands. 
56. Phalaena fufcicauda, the brown-tail moth : a fpe¬ 
cies remarkable for the ravages which its caterpillar com¬ 
mits, by deftroying the foliage of trees and hedges, and 
reducing them to a perfectly bare appearance. The moth 
itfelf is about a third part lefs than that of a filk-worm, 
and is of a fine fatiny white, except the hinder part of the 
body, which is of a deep brown. The caterpillar is brown,' 
with ferruginous hairs, a row of white fpots along each 
fide, and two red fpots on the lower part of the back. It 
is of a gregarious nature, vaft numbers refiding together 
under one common web: they are hatched early in 
autumn, from eggs laid by the parent moths, and imme¬ 
diately form for themfelves a (mail web, and begin feed¬ 
ing on the foliage of the tree or (limb on which they 
were placed : they marfhal themfelves with great regularity 
for this purpofe in rows, and at firft devour only the 
upper pellicle and the green parenchyma of the leaves, 
and in the evening retire to their web. In about three 
weeks they caft their fkin, and afterwards proceed to feed 
as before, enlarging their web from time to time, and 
forming it on all fides as ftrong and fecure as poffible. 
In this they remain the whole winter in a ftate of torpid¬ 
ity, till, being enlivened by the warmth of the returning 
fpring, they -again ifiue from their covering; and, being 
now grown ftronger, begin to devour the whole fubftance 
of the leaves, inftead of contenting themfelves with the 
upper part, as in their very young ftate. The deftrudtion 
which they fometimes caufe to the verdure of the country 
may be judged of by their ravages in the year 1782, when, 
according to the account of the ingenious Mr. Curtis, 
author of the Flora Londinenfis, &c. in many parifhes 
about London fubfcriptions were opened, and the poor 
people employed to cut oft' and colled the webs at one 
/hilling per bufhel, which were burned under the infpec- 
tion of the church-wardens, overfeers, or beadles, of the 
refpedive parifhes. At the firft onfet of this bufinefs Mr. 
Curtis allures us he was informed that fourfcore bufhels 
were collected in one day in the parifh of Clapham alone. 
When thefe caterpillars are arrived at full growth, which 
is ufually about the beginning of June, each i'pins itfelf a fe- 
parate web, in which it changes to a dark-brown chryfalis, 
out of which in the beginning of July proceeds the moth. 
II. Geometra. Antennse filiform ; feelers cylindrical ; 
'tongue projeded, membranaceous, fetaceous, 
bifid ; the larva is from eight to ten footed, fix 
of which are pedoral, two caudal, and fome¬ 
times two fub-caudal; the pupa is pointed at 
the tip. 
a. Antennas pedinate. 
57. Phalsena ladearia: wings angular, fnowy, immacu¬ 
late; antennae bipedinate, fetaceous at the tip. Very 
tender and pellucid. 
58. Phalsena fambucaria, the eider-moth: wings tailed, 
angular, yellowifh, with two darker ftreaks; the lower 
ones with two reddifh dots at the tip. This is moderately 
large, of a pale lulphur-colour. It proceeds from a green 
caterpillar, which, like thofe of the reft of this fedion, 
walks in a peculiar manner ; viz. by raifing up the body 
at each progreffive movement into the form of an arch or 
loop, the extremities nearly approaching each other. It 
changes in'May and June into a black chryfalis, out of 
which in June or July proceeds the moth, which is repre¬ 
fented at fig. 35. 
M 
59 . Phalsena 
