P H A L M N A. 
44 
VIII. Tinea. Antennae fetaceous; four feelers, which 
are unequal; the larva is found in houfes among 
linen and woollen cloth, and furniture, in which 
it eats holes, and to which it is very deftru&ive. 
ii6. Phalaena padella : upper wings lead-colour, with 
twenty black dots. In this divifion the fpecies are moftly 
fmall, though often of very elegant colours. The padella 
is of a pearly-white colour, with very numerous black 
fpots. Its caterpillar is gregarious, appearing in great 
quantities on various forts of fruit-trees during the de¬ 
cline of fummer, and committing great ravages on the 
leaves: thefe caterpillars inhabit a common web, and 
ufually move in large''groupes together ; their colour is a 
pale greyifh yellow, with numerous black fpots ; each ca¬ 
terpillar, at the time of its change to chryfalis, envelops 
itfelf in a diftinft oval web with pointed extremities, and 
many of thefe are ftationed clofe to each other, hanging in 
a perpendicular dire&ion from the internal roof of the 
general enclofing web; the chryfalis is blackifh, and the 
moth appears in the month of September. 
127. Phalaena veftianella, the cloth-moth. This, in its 
caterpillar ftate, is very deftruClive to woollen cloths, 
the fubftance of which it devours, forming for itfelf a tu¬ 
bular cafe with open extremities, and generally approach¬ 
ing to the colour of the cloth on which it is nourifhed. 
This mifchievous fpecies changes into a chryfalis in 
April ; and the moth, which is univerfally known, ap¬ 
pears chiefly in May and June. 
128. Phalaena Clerkella, the hammock-moth: wings 
filvery, flightly tailed behind, with brown ftreaks and a 
black dot. It is a very fmall fpecies, inhabiting the north 
of Europe. The body of this infeft is filvery, the abdo¬ 
men brown; lower wings filvery; beneath brownifh. 
M. Huber, of Geneva, fon of the obferver who has added 
fo many faffs to the hiftory of bees, and author himfelf of 
a wmrk on ants, filled with curious facfs refpefiing the 
inftinfl of thefe little animals, prefented to the Imperial 
Inftitute at Paris, in 1814, a memoir on the lingular 
induftry of the caterpillar of this fpecies, which he calls 
chenille cl liamac (hammock-caterpillar) from the way in 
which it fufpends itfelf to pafs its date of chryfalis. It 
lives on the leaves of fruit-trees. In the month of Auguft 
it ceafes to eat, and fpins its hammock. Five hours are 
fufficient to conftruft it. Two cords, ftretched between 
the edges of a leaf folded down, and concave above, are 
its principal fupports. It is fufpended there by ligaments 
of filk, and two other ligaments fixed to the edges of the 
leaf, keep it, as it were, at anchor. It has itfelf the form 
of a fmall cylindrical cocoon. M. Huber, not fatisfied 
with following attentively, and defcribing with care, the 
fucceffive operations of the little architect who conftruCfs 
this complicated ftrufture, has endeavoured to afcertain 
how far thefe operations are the confequence of reafoning 
in the caterpillar, and may be varied by her according to 
circumftances. A caterpillar removed from the conftruc- 
tion after it has begun, begins it again as long as any 
filky matter remains to her. If placed upon a conftruc- 
tion begun by another, die ufually continues it from the 
point at which die finds it; but, if the one to which die 
is carried be not far advanced, die prefers beginning the 
whole anew. 
IX. Alucita. Antennae fetaceous ; feelers two, which 
are divided as far as the middle, the inner divi¬ 
fion being very acute. 
129. Phalaena marginella: upper wings pale brown, 
with fnowy margins. 
130. Phalaena granella: wings varied with white and 
black ; the head fnowy. This is found in corn-lofts, 
where it devours the grain, and caufes it to cling toge¬ 
ther : in winter it crawls up the walls. 
131. Phalaena Degeerella: wings black-gold, driate 
with yellow in the middle a yellow band : the lower 
wings are brown ; the antennae are very long. The yel¬ 
low lines on the upper wings are fometimes wanting. 
132. Phalaena podella: wings black-gold, driate with 
yellow ; in the middle there is a pale band ; the lower 
ones are purple, and the antennae are very long. 
133. Phalaena oppofitella: wings brown, with two 
yellow oppofite fpots ; the lower ones are brown. 
X. Pterophorus. Antennae fetaceous; two feelers, 
which are linear and naked; the tongue is ex- 
ferted, membranaceous, and bifid; the wings 
are fan-fhaped, divided down to the bafe, and 
generally fubdivided as far as the middle ; the 
laVva is fixteen-footed, ovate, and hairy; the 
pupa is naked, and fubulate at the tip. 
134. Phalaena monodaftyla: wings expanded, linear, 
undivided. 
135. Phalaena didaftyla : wings cleft, red-brown, with 
white ftreaks; the upper pair bifid. 
136. Phalaena tefl'eradaftyla: wings expanded, cleft, 
clouded with cinereous ; the lower ones are clouded with 
brown. 
137. Phalaena pteroda&yla: wings extended, cleft, tef- 
taceous, with a brown dot. 
138. Phalaena pentada&yla, the five-fingered moth. One 
of the moft elegant of the infeCl tribe, though not diftin- 
guilhed either by large fize or lively colours. It is a 
fmall moth, of a fnowy whitenefs, and, at firft view, 
catches the attention of the obferver by the very remark¬ 
able afpeff of its wings, which are divided into the moft 
beautiful diftinft plumes, two in each upper and three 
in each under wing, and formed on a plan refembling 
that of the long wing-feathers of birds, viz. with a ftrong 
middle rib or fhaft, and innumerable lateral fibres. This 
moth appears chiefly in the month of Auguft. Its ca¬ 
terpillar, which is yellowifh-green, fpeckled with black, 
feeding on nettles, and changing into a blackifh chryfalis 
enveloped in a white web. 
139. Phalsena hexadaCtyla, the fix-fingered moth. In 
this fpecies each wing confifts of fix diftinff plumes. 
The infeCt is of a pale grey-brown colour, with feveral 
tranfverfe lines or bars acrofs the feathers, and exhibiting 
a very curious fpedtacle in the microfcope. It chiefly 
makes its appearance in the month of September. This 
little moth is by the Englifli collectors fomewhat impro¬ 
perly called the twenty-plumed moth, the plumes being 
in reality twenty-four in number. This fmall fpecies is 
fliown of the natural fize at fig. 61. and magnified at fig. 
62. from Dr. Shaw’s Gen. Zoology. The preceding 
figures of this article are borrowed chiefly from Wilkes’s 
Moths and Butterflies, and from the Linn. Tranf. vol. i. 
ii. iii. 
PHALAN'GA, f. A kind of club; a lever. Phil - 
lips. 
PHALANGA'Rl AN, f. [from phalanx.'] One of the 
foldiers which compofe a phalanx. 
PHALAN'GEARY, or Phalangeous, adj. [from 
phalanx ,] Belonging to a phalanx. Cole. 
PHALAN'GIUM, /. in botany, a name adopted, by 
the earlier botanifts among the moderns, from Diofcorides, 
Their example was followed by Tournefort, Haller, and 
others ; but Linnaeus always objected to this name, as 
properly belonging to an infeft, to which it had been 
appropriated from the moft remote antiquity, and for 
which therefore he retained it in the zoological part of 
his fyftem, preferring Anthericum, another ancient deno¬ 
mination, for the genus of plants in queftion. Of late, 
however, Juflieu and other French botanifts, fome of 
whom never heartily aflented to the above decifion of 
Linnaeus, having divided his genus Anthericum, have 
reftored Phalangium ; and the genus has been adopted 
by Mr. Ker in Curtis’s Magazine ; but not by the late 
Mr. Dryander in Ait. Hort. Kew. nor by Willdenow. 
The fpecies, at any rate, have been already defcribed 
under the articles Anthericum, Convallaria, Heme- 
rocallis, and Ornithogalum ; fo that we need not 
repeat them here. 
PHALAN'- 
