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P E U 
of time fince the ereiftion of the caftle, there appeared to 
be no decay in the (labs. The colour only feemed to be 
changed ; and the leaves of faggots found there were ftill 
found. William the Conqueror gave the town and caitle to 
his half-brother Robert earl of Mortaigne in Normandy, 
and created him earl of Cornwall. Thefe honours he en¬ 
joyed during the life of that king; but, having taken part 
under his fuccelforin an infurreftion excited by his bro¬ 
ther Odo earl of Kent, in favour of Robert Courthofe, 
an army was fent againft this caftle, on which he thought 
proper to furrender, and make his peace. He was fuc- 
ceeded in his pofTeffions by William earl of Mortaigne 
and Cornwall, who, on being refufed the earldom of Kent 
by Henry I. joined in a rebellion with Robert de Belefme 
earl of Shrewfbury. The king in confequence feized all 
his eftates, demolifhed moll of his caftles, and exiled him 
from the realm. He gave to Gilbert de Aquila, the town 
and caftle of Pevenfey, which thence was called the 
“ Honour of the Eagle,” with all their dependencies, in 
whofe defcendants it remained veiled for fonte time ; but, 
being again forfeited to thethrone, Henry III. granted it 
to his foil prince Edward, and his heirs, kings of England, 
that it (hould never more be feparated from the crown. 
It however came into the family of Lancafter, and from 
them to that of Pelham, till about the middle of the laft 
century, when it came to earl Wilmington, on being 
created baron of Pevenfey, from whom, by an intermar¬ 
riage, it has devolved to lord Cavendilh. The eccentric 
and celebrated Andrew Borde, was a native of this place. 
The church is dedicated to Sr. Nicholas. By the cenlus 
of 1B11, the number of houfes was 149, and the inhabit¬ 
ants amounted to 838. Rees’s Cijclopccdia. 
PE'VER, a river of England, in the county of Chefter, 
which runs into the Wever near Nortlnvich. 
PEV'EREL POINT, a cape or point of land on the 
coaft of Dorfetlhire, fouth of Pool Harbour; at the end is 
a ledge of rocks which extend far into the fea. On this 
point is a battery: twelve miles weft-fouth-weft from the 
Needles. Lat. 50. 34. N. Ion. 3. 3. W. 
PEVET'TI, /'. in botany. See Physalis. 
■PEUPLIN'GUE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Straits of Calais: five miles fouth-well of Calais. 
PEU'TEMAN. See Penteman, vol. xix. p. 571. 
PEU'TINGER (Conrad), a learned German, was born 
at Augfburg in 1645. He purfued his ftudies in the 
principal univerfities of Italy, and returned a graduate in 
civil and canon law. In 1493 the fenate of Augfburg 
appointed him to the fecretaryfhip of that city; and he was 
its deputy at the frequent diets held during the reign of 
the emperor Maximilian. After the death of that empe¬ 
ror in 1319, he was fent to Bruges to compliment Charles 
V. on his fucceflion to the empire. He employed all his 
credit with thefe fovereigns for the benefit of his native 
city; and procured for it the privilege of coining money. 
He died in 1347 at the age of 82, having pafled his latter 
years in a Hate of fecond infancy. He left a copious 
library, which remained many years in the family, and 
finally came to the Jefuits of Augfburg. 
The name of Peutinger is bed known from the ancient 
table called the Peutingerian. It is a rude chart, drawn 
by an unknown hand under the reign of Theodofius the 
Great, and marking the Roman military roads through 
the greateft part of the weftern empire. It was found in 
a German monaftery by Conrad Celtes, who gave it to 
Peutinger. He had intended to publifh it, but did not 
execute his defign, and after his death it difappeared for 
feveral years. At length, fragments of it were found 
which were publifhed by Mark Velfer at Venice in 1391, 
under the title of “ Fragmenta Tabulae antiquse ex Peu- 
tingerarum Bibliotheca.” In the 18th century it was 
difcovered entire among Peutinger’s manufcripts; and a 
magnificent edition was given of it at Vienna in 1753, fol. 
by Francis Chriftopher de Scheib, illuftrated by notes and 
difiertations. Peutinger was the author of, 1. Romanse 
vetuftatis Fragmenta in Augufta Vindelicorum, &c. 1508. 
P E W 
reprinted under the title of “ Infcriptiones vetuftse Romas 
et eorum Fragmenta in Augufta Vindelicorum, &c.” 
1590. 2. Sermones Convivales, frequently printed. 3. 
De Inclinatione Romani Imperii, et exterarum Gentium 
praecipue Germanorum Commigrationibus; printed in 
the edition of Procopius by Beatus Rhenanus in 1531. 4. 
AiSls of the Diet of Eflingen, in Latin, 1503. He alfo 
edited the Emblems of Alciatus, and other works. Gen. 
Biog. 
PEW, f. \_puije, Duf. appiti, Fr.] A feat inclofed in a 
church.—When fir Thomas More was lord-chancelior, he 
did life, at mafs, to fit in the chancel, and his lady in a pew. 
Bacon. —Should our fex take it into their heads to wear 
tr.unk-breeches at church, a man and his wife would fill 
a whole pew. Adclifon. 
She decently, in form, pays heav’n its due; 
And makes a civil vifit to her pew. Young. 
To PEW, v. a. To furnifh with pews. 
PEW'-FELLOW, f. A companion.—The pew fellnio 
to pride is feif-love, and no lefs enemy to peace. Bp. 
Hall’s Peace-Maker. • 
This carnal cur 
Preys on the ifl'ue of his mother’s body. 
And makes her pew-fellow with others’ moan. Shakefpeare. 
PEW'ET, or Pe'wit, f. [piewit , Dutch.] The En- 
giifh name of a common bird of the fea-gull kind, called 
in fome of the counties of England the black-cap, and fea- 
crow. It has its name from its note, which feems to 
exprefs the word peivit. It is affirmed by many, that the 
head of this bird is black only at a certain feafon of 
the year. Plot relates, that at the death pf the lord of 
the foil, they fliift their quarters for a certain time. See 
Larus ridibundus. 
Pewit is alfo a name given to the baftard plover, or 
lapwing. See Tringa vanellus. 
PEWET I'SLAND, a fmall ifland in the German Sea, 
near the coaft of Ellex : five miles fouth-fouth-weft from 
the entrance into Harwich Harbour. 
PEWET I'SLAND, a fmall ifland in Poole Harbour. 
PEW'SUM, a town of Eaft-Friefland, the principal 
place of a bailiwick: fix miles north-north-weft of Ernden. 
PEW'TER,/ [peauter, Teut. Kilian notices the French 
efpeautre, but not the old word peautre, which Lacombe 
ftates to have been in life in 1220.] A compound of me¬ 
tals ; an artificial metal.—Nine parts or more of tin, with 
one of regulus of antimony, compofe pewter. Pemberton. 
The plates and difhes in a houfe.—The eye of the miftrefs 
was wont to make her pewter fhine. Addifon. 
Pewter, as ufed at prefent, is very uncertain in its 
compofition. The common utenfils of the loweft price 
are made from an alloy compofed of about 20 of tin, 3 
of lead, and 1 of brafs. The lead is of no ufe but to make 
it cheaper, and doubtlefson this account is often ufed in 
larger proportion. The brafs is intended to give ftiffnefs 
and hardnefs, the tin being of itfelf much too foft. 
Another alloy of this kind is made without lead, con¬ 
fiding of tin combined with antimony, and copper in 
fmall proportion, to give it hardnefs. This is manufac¬ 
tured into almoft all the articles which are ufually made 
of plated copper, and is known by the name of Britannia 
metal. 
The praflice of putting lead into thefe alloys is ex¬ 
tremely dangerous. Malt-liquor, and particularly por¬ 
ter, always contains more or lefs acetic acid, which can¬ 
not fail to diffolve fome of that deleterious metal. 
The balls of this metal is, as we have already laid, tin ; 
and it confifts of three different ftandards: viz. that 
which is called plate-metal, of which plates and difhes are 
made, which is formed of tin and regulus of antimony, 
in the proportion of 112 pounds of the former to 6 or 7 
pounds of the latter. Wallerius gives for this fineft kind 
of pewter, the proportions of 12 parts of tin, 1 of anti¬ 
mony, and about of copper. A very fine metal is 
made 
4 
