20 
PET 
or the South Downs, about three miles from Petworth. 
Thefe antiquities (land about a hundred and forty yards 
north-eaft from the church, on a riling ground, with a 
gentle dope on the north and eaft Tides, and a fteep bank 
on the well (in the bottom is a finefpring of water); the 
fouth fide is level, until you begin to afcend the Downs, 
which, is not more than four or five hundred yards dillant. 
The fituation is fine, commanding an extenfive view from 
the weft to the eaft. On the common, on the borders of 
the parifh (near weft lands), is a large circular barrow ; 
another near Fitz-Lee; with three more between Coats 
and Bignor Park ; the middle one of the three fmall, the 
two end ones large, with a hollow or depreffion in the 
c e n t re. Gent. Blag. July 1816. Beauties of England and 
Wales, vol. xiv. Wilkes's Britijh Directory, vol. iv. 
PET'ZEN, a mountain in the duchy of Carinthia: 
four miles fouth of Preuburg. 
PET'ZENKIRCHEN, a towm of Auftria : eight miles 
eaft of Ips. 
PET'ZENSTEIN, a towm of Germany, in the territory 
of Nurenberg: thirty-five miles north-north-eaft of Nu- 
renberg, and twenty-eight fouth-fouth-weft of Bayreuth. 
PEUCEDA'NUM, f. [from the Gr. kivhyi, the pitch- 
tree,’which its leaves refemble, and S'a.vos, dry, or burning, 
in allufion to the very pungent qualities of the root and 
gum.] Sulphur-wort, or Hog’s fennel ; in botany, a 
genus of the clafs pentandria, order digynia,natural order 
of umbellatse, or umbelliferae. Generic charaflers— 
Calyx: umbel univerfal, manifold, very long, (lender; 
partial fpreading. Involucre univerfal, many-leaved, 
linear, final!, reflex; partial lefs. Perianthium proper, 
five-toothed, very fmall. Corolla: univerfal, uniform. 
Florets of the dillc abortive. Proper of five equal oblong 
incurved entire petals. Stamina: filaments five, capillary; 
antheras Ample. Piftillum: germ oblong, inferior; ftyles 
two, fmall; ftigmas obtufe. Pericarpium none; fruit 
ovate, girt with a wing, ftriated on both Tides, bipartile. 
Seeds two, obovate-oblong, comprelfed, more convex on 
one fide, with three raifed ftreaks, girt with a ufide entire 
membrane, emarginateat top .—Ejjential Char after. Fruit 
ovate, ftriated on both Tides, girt with a membrane ; in¬ 
volucres very fhort. There are thirteen fpecies. 
i. Peucedanum officinale, common fulphur-w’ort, or 
hog’s fennel: leaves five times three-parted, filiform, li¬ 
near. Root perennial, dividing into many ftrong fibres 
which run deep in the ground. Leaves naked at bottom ; 
but about four or five inches from the root branching into 
five parts, and thefe again into three, each of thefe divi- 
fions fuftaining three narrow leaflets, which, when bruifed, 
emit a ftrong feent like fulphur: footftalks channelled. 
Stem from two to four feet high, channelled, and dividing 
into two or three branches, each terminated by a large 
regular umbel of yellow flowers, compofed of feveral fmall 
umbels, which are circular, the outer rays longed. Fruit 
middle-fized, comprelfed into the lhape of a thin lens. 
Seeds fubfoliaceous, furrounded by a very narrow attenu¬ 
ated rim, having on the flat fide two dark-ferruginous fil¬ 
lets, as in the parfnep. Native of the mod fouthern parts 
of Europe, in moift meadows. In England, Gerard 
found it growing very plentifully on the fouth fide of a 
wood belonging to Waltham, at the Nafe in Eflex, alfo 
at Whitftable and Feverlham in Kent. Ray obferved it 
near Shorehatn in Suflex ; and adds, that it was faid to 
grow abundantly on the banks of the Thames, and in the 
marlh-ditches near Walton, not far from Harwich. Dr. 
James Sherard found it a quarter of a mile below 
Feverlham; Mr. Humphrey about Yarmouth and Clay 
in Norfolk. In England, fays Gerard, it is called hore- 
Jlrange and horefirong, (from the German haarjlrang , hog’s 
tail,) fow-fennell or hog 's fennell, fulphur-wort or hrimftone- 
uoort. The root has a ftrong fetid fmell, and an acrid 
bitterifh umSluous tafte. Wounded in the fpring, it 
yields a confiderable quantity of yellow juice, which dries 
into a gummy refin, and retains the ftrong feent of the 
PET 
root. _ Its virtues have not yet been afeertained with 
precifion. 
( 3 . Italian fulphur-wort is a larger plant; the leaflets 
are much longer, and the flowers and feeds are much 
larger. It grows on the mountains, and alfo in the low 
valleys, by the fide of rivers, in Italy. 
а. Peucedanum alpeftre, or alpine fulphur-wort : leaf¬ 
lets linear, branched. Root perennial. Leaves branching 
into feveral divifions, that divide again into fmaller, each 
of the latter having five fliort narrow leaflets. Stems 
round, not fo deeply channelled as the preceding, fuftain¬ 
ing a large umbel of yellow flowers. The feeds are 
fliorter. It flowers in June, and the feeds ripen at the 
beginning of September. It is a native of the forell of 
Fontainbleau, and Tome other parts of France. 
3. Peucedanum capillaceum, or hairy-leaved fulphur- 
wort: leaves bipinnate ; fegments capillaceous, grooved. 
4. Peucedanum tenuifolium, or fine-leaved fulphur- 
wort : leaves bipinnatifid ; fegments lanceolate, oppofite, 
and alternate margined. Natives of the Cape of Good 
Hope. 
5. Peucedanum Sibiricurn, or Siberian fulphur-wort: 
leaflets linear, acute; primordial, umbels feflile. Native 
of Siberia. 
б. Peucedanum Japonicum, or Japonefe fulphur-wort: 
leaves five times three parted ; leaflets wedge-form, trifid. 
The whole plant is fmooth. Stem round, flexuofe, up¬ 
right, branched, the thicknefs of a goofe-quill, fcarcely a 
foot high. Branches alternate, divaricating, fubdivided, 
refembling the ftem. Native of Japan, on the coaft. 
7. Peucedanum Silaus, meadow fulphur-wort, or faxi- 
frage: leaflets pinnatifid; fegments oppofite; univerfal invo¬ 
lucre two-leaved. Root perennial, long, wrinkled, bbekon 
the outfide, white within, having a Tweet aromatic flavour 
with Tome (harpnefs. Stems feveral, from two to three 
feet in height, almoft as thick as the. little finger at bot¬ 
tom, round, ftriated, full of pith, red near the ground, 
branched from the bottom, the branchlets coming out 
at long intervals from the axils of the leaves. Both root 
and ftem leaves fmooth, dark green, divided into longifh, 
narrow, acute, rigid fegments. Umbels not very large or 
clofe, but rather loofe and thin ; they have only (even 
rays, but the umbellules from twelve to twenty and up¬ 
wards. The flowers are generally all fertile, but Tome of 
the central ones are fometirr.es barren ; petals whitifti- 
yellow, pointed. Germ crowned with a glandular yellow 
receptacle, hirning to a deep red as the feeds ripen. 
Seeds fhort, ftriated, chefnut-coloured. The whole plant 
has a ftrong, but not unpleafant, fmell, approaching to 
that of parfneps. Native of many parts of Europe, as 
Swiflerland, Fiance, Germany, England, &c. in moift 
meadows. It has the names of faxifrage and meadow 
faxifrage from its fuppofed lithontriptic qualities. Au- 
guft is its month of flowering. This fpecies is reprefen- 
ted on the annexed Plate, fig. 1. 
8. Peucedanum alfaticum; or fmall-headed fulphur- 
wort: leaflets pinnatifid ; the little fegments trifid, blunt- 
i(h. Stem upright, three or four feet in height, and 
fometimes as high as a man; round, (lightly ftriated, 
grooved only towards the top, very fmooth, tingetl with 
red, and wholly red at the bafe, jointed, dichotomous. 
Flowers fmall, pale yellow. Seeds ovate, obtufe, fmooth ; 
at firft violet red, then black. Native of Germany, Au¬ 
ftria, Alface, Swiflerland, Silefia, Piedmont. Introduced 
1111774, by Monf. Richard. It flowers in June and July. 
9. Peucedanum aureum, or golden fulphur-wort: 
leaves tripinnate ; leaflets of the ftem-leaves linear-lance¬ 
olate, of the root-leaves oblong and multifid. Native of 
the Canary-iflands, where it was found by Maflon, and 
introduced in 1779. It is a biennial plant ; and flowers 
in June. 
10. Peucedanum obtufifolium, or blunt-leaved fulphur- 
wort : leaflets pinnatifid, coriaceous ; theirfegmentsoppo- 
fite, obovate, obtufe. Gathered by Dr. Sibthorp in 
Bceotia, 
