PET 
deepeft water within is feven fathoms ; and in every part 
over a muddy bottom. We found fome inconvenience 
from the toughnefs of the ground, which conftantly broke 
the meffengers, and gave us a great deal of trouble in 
getting up the anchors. There is a watering-place at the 
head of the harbour. It was high water, on the full and 
change of the moon, at 36 minutes paft four; and the 
greateft rife was five feet eight inches. The tides were 
very regular, every twelve hours. On the coaft, near the 
bay, the flood came from the fouth ; and the time of high 
water was near two hours fooner than in the harbour of 
St. Peter and St. Paul.” Lat. 54. o. N. Ion. 158. 43. E. 
On the 6th of Oflober, 1821, the anniversary of the 
promulgation of the Maritime Code, granted by Peter 
the Great in 1722, folemnities and rejoicings were wit- 
nefl'ed here. In the middle of the road, a (hip covered 
with flags was Rationed ; to this repaired, in long boats, 
on one fide, the governor of Kamtfchatka, captain Wal- 
iiliew, and the principal officers ; on the other, the clergy, 
with the banners and images of the faints, patrons of our 
church. The whole of this cortege being affembled, his 
excellency prefented to the dean of the ecclefiaftics a copy 
of the Maritime Code of Peter the Great, and invited him 
to chant the thankfgiving-hymn of Te Deum. This 
hymn was followed by afalute of artillery from the two 
corvettes. The governor gave a grand dinner. Next 
day a fubfcription was opened, which quickly amounted 
to 1500 roubles, to raife, in Kamtfchatka, a marble mo¬ 
nument to the memory of Vitus Behring, the navigator. 
Monthly Mag. Jan. 1823. 
PETROPAULOV'SKOI, a town of Ruflia, in the go¬ 
vernment of Tobollk, on the Ifchim : forty miles eaft of 
Ifchin. 
PETROPITILA, f. [front the Gr. <k 1 , lps, a done, and 
ipiAeo, to love ; becaufe the (hrubs of this kind are always 
found in rocky expofed fituations.] In botany, a genus 
inltituted by Mr. R. Brown, (Prodr. Nov. Holl. i. 363.) 
of which he defines ten fpecies, chiefly the produce of dry 
heathy and (tony ground, on the fouthern coalt of New 
Holland. The firft fpecies, upon which the generic cha¬ 
racter feems to be formed, is the Protea pulchella; 
we therefore refer to that article. 
PETROP'OLIS, fometimes ufed for the city of Rome. 
PETROPOL'ITAN, adj. [from Petropolis .] Belonging 
to Rome. Cole. 
PETROP'SKOI, a town of Ruflia, in the government of 
Perm : fifty-fix miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Krafnouphimflc. 
PETROSELI'NUM, f. in botany. See Apium, Bu- 
bon, Ligusticum, and Sison. 
PETROSI'LEX, f. Rock-flint, Hornstone, or 
Chert; in mineralogy, a genus of filiceous earth. Ge¬ 
neric characters—Confiding of the greater part filex, 
about twenty-two per cent, alumine, and fix per cent, 
carbonate of lime: liardifti, lightifti; found in primeval 
and ftratified mountains, without luftre, breaking into 
indeterminate fragments, of a fplintery texture: melt¬ 
ing before the blowpipe. There are three fpecies. 
1. Petrofilex opacus, the hornftone or chert: nearly 
opake,of a common form. It is properly a fpecies of flint, 
which occurs in irregular veins and patches in the fub- 
(tance of common lime-ltone; and is often not fuffici- 
ently defined in its character to be recognized at once 
by the eye from the lime-ftone containing it. From 
being incorporated with the fubftance of the rock con¬ 
taining it, and never occurring in diftinft nodules, like 
the common black flint, it has been called petrofilex, or 
“ rock-flint.” The chert met with in the lime-ftone of 
Derbyfhire is often of alight bluilh-grey colour: fome¬ 
times it is of a jet black. Chert has been called a not- 
yet-matured agate, and its occafional appearance juftifies 
the term ; though perhaps it may with more propriety 
be dafted as an imperfect calcedony. Th ere are four va¬ 
rieties, which are found in Sweden and Germany, form¬ 
ing veins and beds of mountains. Colour ufually blue- 
P E T 15 
grey, fometimes grey, blue, and green of various (hades. 
By breathing on it, it difcovers an earthy fmell, and is 
fometimes fo hard as to ftrike fire with fteel : it decom- 
pofes fooner than flint, and does not take fo high a polith : 
in the fire it decrepitates and whitens. Kidd. 
Hornftone differs from jafper, often by its fplintery 
fra f hi re ; always by its tranfparency, though imperfect, 
and want of luftre: from flint, by its frafture, dulnefs, 
and hardnefs ; but, when its fraflure happens to be con- 
choidal, by its dulnefs, lefs tranfparency, and hardnefs : 
from quartz, by its dulnefs and inferior hardnefs: from. 
Terpentine, generally in hardnefs, fpecific gravity, and fu- 
fibility : from heliotropium, by the aggregate of its pro¬ 
perties. The hornftone, being a greeni(h-white, with 
reddifti fpots, from Lorraine, whofe fpecific gravity was 
a’532, fraCture conchoidal, luftre o, hardnefs 10, whiten¬ 
ing and becoming brittle at 127 0 , and melting at 144® 
into a femitranfparent compact enamel, was analyzed by 
Mr. Kirwan ; and found to contain 72 per cent, filex, 
about 22 argil I, and about 6, or rather more, of mild 
calcareous earth. The infufible liornftones probably con¬ 
tain no calx, or lefs. The fchiftofe hornftone has three 
varieties, viz. filiceous fchiftus, Lydian (lone, and liorn- 
flate. Kirwan 1 s Mineralogy . 
2. Petrofilex diaphanus : femitranfparent, of a common 
form. Found with the preceding. Colour grey, white, 
ochraceous, rofy, flefti-colour, brownifh-red, yellowifti or 
reddifh-brown, green, or variegated : it often receives a 
fine polith. 
3. Petrofilex cryftallinus : in rough cryftals which are 
frequently hollow within. There are nine varieties, 
caufed by the different forms of the prifms or pyramids. 
They are all found about Schneeburg in Saxony. 
4. Petrofilex konit. Under the name of kotiit, or conit, 
profeflbrs Retzius ami Schumacher defcribe a calcareo- 
(iliceous rock of a whitifti-grey colour, found in Norway, 
Iceland, See. It has only been feen in detached pieces, 
molt of which bear the marks of being rolled. It is 
faintly glimmering; in fome pieces its luftre approaches 
to the vitreous, and even the unctuous, luftre. Its frac¬ 
ture is uneven, flat, conchoidal, fometimes obfoletely fo¬ 
liated, fometimes even and fplintery, not unlike that of 
fome varieties of hornftone. The fragments are indeter- . 
minately angular. The varieties having an unftuous 
luftre, and obfoletely-foliated ftruifture, are tranflucent at 
the edges. Its hardnefs is far fuperior to that of common 
compact limeftone, and it even (trikes fire with the fteel. 
It is not eafily frangible. Specific gravity 2 - 8. When 
reduced to powder, and thrown on burning charcoal, it 
emits a greenifli light, but it is not phofphorefcent from 
friction, It effervefees with diluted nitric acid, and is 
partly difiolved in it; the remainder is filiceous earth. 
The proportion of the calcareous and filiceous earth, of 
which the konit conlills, is not yet alcertained. The 
(pecimens of konite deferibed by Schumacher were from 
Iceland; another came from Kenrudvern, near Dramen, 
in Norway. 
PETROS'KOL, a town of Ruflia, in the government 
of Perm : twenty-four miles fouth of Perm. 
PE'TROVATZ, a town of Croatia : twenty-two miles 
fouth-fouth-eaft of Carlftadt. 
PE'TROVSK, a town of Ruflia, in the government of 
Jaroflavl: fifty two miles fouth of Jaroflavl. Lat. 56. 45. N. 
Ion. 40. 14. E. 
PE'TROVSK, a town of Ruflia, in the government of 
Saratov, on the Medveditza : forty miles north-weft of 
Saratov. Lat. 52. 40. N. Ion. 44. 54. E. 
PETROVSICAI'A, a town and fort of Ruflia, fituated 
on a bay of the fea of Afof, with a harbour: twenty-four 
miles fouth-weft of Mariupol. 
PETROVSKAI'A, a bay on the north coaft of Ruflia, 
in the Frozen Ocean. Lat. 76. 10. N. Ion. 106. 14. E. 
PE'TRO WITZ, a tow n of Bohemia, in circle of Konisr 
ingratz: eight miles eaft- north-eaft of Konigingratz.— A 
town 
