ENCYCLOPAEDIA LONDINENSIS 
OR, ' 
UNIVERSAL DICTIONARY 
OF 
ARTS, SCIENCES, AND LITERATURE: 
comprehending, 
UNDER ONE GENERAL ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT , 
ALL THE WORDS AND SUBSTANCE OF 
EVERY KIND OF DICTIONARY EXTANT IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
IN WHICH THE IMPROVED DEPARTMENTS OF 
THE MECHANICAL ARTS, THE LIBERAL SCIENCES, THE HIGHER MATHEMATICS, AND THE SEVERAL 
BRANCHES OF POLITE LITERATURE, 
ARE SELECTED FROM THE 
ACTS, MEMOIRS, AND TRANSACTIONS, OF THE MOST EMINENT LITERARY SOCIETIES 
IN EUROPE, ASIA, AND AMERICA. 
FORMING A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF THE RISE, PROGRESS, AND PRESENT STATE, OF HUMAN 
LEARNING IN EVERY PART OF THE WORLD. 
EMBELLISHED WITH A 
MAGNIFICENT SET OF COPPER-PLATE ENGRAVINGS, 
ILLUSTRATING, AMONGST OTHER INTERESTING SUBJECTS, 
THE MOST CURIOUS, RARE, AND ELEGANT, PRODUCTIONS OF NATURE, IN EVERY PART OF THE UNIVERSE; 
AND ENRICHED WITH 
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COMPILED, DIGESTED, AND ARRANGED, 
By JOHN WILKES, of MILLAND HOUSE, in the COUNTY of SUSSEX, EsguiRE,- 
ASSISTED BY EMINENT SCHOLARS OF THE ENGLISH, SCOTCH, AND IRISH, UNIVERSITIES. 
VOLUME XX. 
CONTAINING 
The Articles PHILOSOPHY and POETRY. 
HonDott: 
PRINTED FOR THE PROPRIETOR, AT THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OFFICE, 17, AVE-MARIA-L ANB, ST. PAUL'S J 
AND SOLD BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS. 
J. and C. ADLARD, Printer., 
Bartholomew Close. 
1825. 
