58 
PHASEOLUS. 
early crops; the Batterfea and Canterbury; the large 
Dutch, which grows very tall. The principal and molt 
diftindt variety, by Mr. Miller regarded as a diftindt fpe- 
cies, is 
Ph. coccineus, (Ph. multiflorus. Lamarck,) the fear- 
let kidney-bean : bradtes clofe-prefled, fmaller than the 
calyx. The twining ftalks, if properly fupported, will 
rife to the height of twelve or fourteen feet; but it 
alway's twines the contrary way to what the fun goes. 
Mr. Knight has publilhed an ingenious theory on this 
fubjedt. (See Monthly Mag. for Feb. 1814.) The flowers 
grow in large fpikes, and are of a deep fcarlet colour. 
The pods are large and rough ; and the feeds are purple 
marked with black; fometitnes pure white. The native 
country of this beautiful plant is unknown. It is called 
in French haricot <1‘ Efpagne, as well as haricot rouge. 
Johnfon informs 11s (1633,) “ that it was procured by Mr. 
Tradefcant, and grew in his time in our gardens ; that 
it is a large plant, not differing in manner of growth from 
the former Indian kidney-beans, but that his flowers are 
large, many, and of an elegant fcarlet colour ; whence it 
is vulgarly termed by our florifts, the fcarlet bean.” In 
Ray’s time (1686) it was cultivated rather for the beauty 
and durability of the flowers than for the fruit; the 
ladies did not then difdain to put the flowers in their 
nofegays and garlands. Mr. Miller feems to have been 
the firft who brought it into much repute as an efculent 
kidney-bean; and he preferred it at his own table. 
“ The belt forts for the table,” fays he, “are the fcarlet- 
bloflom bean, and a white bean of the fame fize and fhape, 
which is only a variety of it.” On the preceding Engra¬ 
ving, fig. 5 reprefents the fcarlet-bean; fig. 6, the pod 
about half the natural fize; fig. 7, the bean; fig. 8, the 
calyx of the flower enlarged; 9, detached petals; 10, 
ftamina and piftillum. 
2. Phafeolus lunatus, or feymitar-podded kidney-bean : 
Item twining; legumes feymitar-fhaped, fomewhat cref- 
cent-fliaped, even. The lateral leaflets are twice as wide 
on the outer fide as on the other. Flowers very fmall, 
green, with the wings white and concave, afterwards 
turning yellow, and the keel fpiral. The ftem twines to 
the height of ten feet or more, and is branched. Native 
Of the Eaft Indies. It is eaten in Cochinchina, but is 
more efteemed for the beauty than flavour of the feeds. 
Introduced in 1779, by Mr. WilBam Roxburgh. It flow¬ 
ers here in June and July. 
3. Phafeolus bipundtatus, or two-dotted kidney-bean : 
Sera twining; legumes feymitar-fhaped, pubefeent; feeds 
with two dots at the hilum, or fear. This very 
much refembles the preceding, agreeing with it in the 
flower, except that the banner is lefs green ; Items, leaves, 
and racemes, a little hairy ; legume very flightly villofe. 
The feeds of this were brought from the Cape of Good 
Hope, and produced the plants in the ftove of the 
Vienna garden. 
4. Phafeolus inamcenus, orgreen-flow'ered kidney-bean: 
ftem twining; banner revolute, of the fame colour with the 
calyxes. The whole plant fmooth. Stem twining,fubangu- 
lar,and ten feet high: the intermediate leaflet oblong-lance¬ 
olate, attenuated into a point; in the lower part of the 
item it is half a foot long or more: the lateral ones are in 
general fhorter, and twice or thrice as wide at their inter¬ 
nal bafe as at their external. Flowers inelegant, with a 
concave greenifli banner, and long obtufe concave wings, 
(tretched out and whitifh, as is the fpirally-intorted keel. 
Legume oblong, comprefled, acuminate, and bowed at 
the back. Seeds few, kidr.ey-fhaped, flat-comprefled, 
Blood-red on the circumference, white on the middle 
and lower part, and Spotted with red points; and with a 
white hile. Native, according to Linnaeus, of Africa. 
5. Phafeolus farinofus, or mealy kidney-bean : ftem 
twining; peduncles fubcapitate; feeds four-cornered- 
cylindrical, mealy. Flowers rofe-coloured ; feeds downy, 
appearing as if covered with meal; leaves angular, like 
thofe of ivy. Native of the Eaft Indies. Sherard had it 
from the Padua garden. 
6. Phafeolus trilobus, or three-lobed kidney-bean; 
ftem half twining, decumbent, fmoothifh; leaflets three- 
lobed ; lobes ovate ; ftipules ovate ; legumes cylindrical. 
For the defeription fee Doi.ichos trilobus, N° 20. vol. vi. 
It w-as introduced in 1777, by the late fir Jofeph Banks; 
and flowers here in July. 
7. Phafeolus vexillatus, or fweet-feented kidney-bean: 
ftem twining; peduncles thicker than the petiole, form¬ 
ing a head; wings fomewhat lickle-fliaped, difform; 
legumes linear, ftridl. Flowers few, feflile, fweet-fmelling; 
bradtes two, very fmall. The plant is intermediate be¬ 
tween this genus and Dolichos. Stems five or fix feet in 
height, the thicknefs of a draw. Peduncles very long, 
bearing three or four flowers on fliort pedicels, large, 
green before they open, afterwards whitilh purple; as 
they fade the purple changes to pale violet, and finally 
to a dulky lurid colour, or yellowifh brown; “they do 
not laft more than twenty-four hours.” Nativeof the Weft 
Indies. Cultivated in 1732, by James Sherard, M. D. at 
Eltham, from feeds colledted at the Havanna, and fent 
under the name of Triyollos. 
8. Phafeolus helvolus, or flelh-coloured kidney-bean: 
ftem twining ; flowers in heads; calyxes bradled; wings 
expanded, very large; leaflets deltoid, oblong. Stems a 
yard and a half and more in height, flender, round, not 
exceeding a ftraw in fize at bottom. Native of Carolina, 
whence the feeds were fent by a merchant of London, of 
the name of Tryan, with other rare plants. It flowered 
in Auguft, and the feeds ripened in September. 
9. Phafeolus femieredtus, or dark-red-flowered kidney- 
bean : ftem half twining; flowers in fpikes; calyxes 
without bradtes ; wings expanded, larger ; leaflets ovate. 
Stem upright, three feet high, twiningunly at top, round, 
fomew'hat ftreaked and pubefeent. Native of the Weft 
Indies. Introduced in 1781 by Mr. Francis Maffon. It 
flowers in July. 
10. Phafeolus alatus, or winged kidney-bean : ftem 
tw'ining; flowers in loofe fpikes; wings the length of 
the banner. Stems long, flender, green, round, ftriated, 
fubhirfute; joints from two to three inches diftant. 
Leaves like thofe of the common kidney-bean, but fmaller, 
finely hairy at their edges. Flowers large, folitary or 
in pairs, without feent, at firft purple, then violet. Dil- 
lenius does not mention its native place of growth, but 
Mr. Miller fays that the feeds were brought from Caro¬ 
lina. 
11. Phafeolus Caracalla, twifted-flowered kidney-bean, 
or fnail-flower: ftem twining; banner and keel fpirally 
convoluted. This is a perennial plant with twining ftalks 
riling to the height of twelve or fourteen feet; the leaves 
are ftiaped like thofe of the common kidney-bean, but 
are fmaller. The flowers are produced in flender fpikes; 
they are of a purplifti colour, and have an agreeable 
odour; they are fucceeded by flender comprefled pods, 
containing feveral oval comprefled feeds. Mr. Miller fays 
it is a native of the Brafils. According to Triumfetti, 
it was brought from Portugal to Italy, and it was not 
known from what country of India it came; it is more 
probable, however, that the Portuguefe had it from Brafil 
than from the Eaft Indies. It was cultivated in 1690, 
in the royal garden at Hampton court; and flowers in 
Auguft and September. 
12. Phafeolus aconitifolius, or aconite-leaved kidney- 
bean: ftem twining; leaves fubquinquepartite. Stem 
herbaceous, ftriated. Flowers fmall, with a wide banner, 
difpofed in a fort of raceme. Defcribed from a dried 
fpecimen of Petiver’s, communicated by Gronovius. 
Native of the Eaft Indies. Found in Tranquebar by 
Koenig ; alfo in Arabia by Forlkahl. 
13. Phafeolus hirtus, or hairy kidney bean : ftem half 
twining; legumes round ; keel horned to the left. Root 
annual. Stem angular, hifpid, from one to three feet 
high. 
