84 PHI 
north-eaft by north of Savannah in Georgia. Laf. 39. 
56. 54. N. Ion. 75. 13.45. W. Morfe’s Geog. vol. i. 
PHILADEL'PHIAN, adj. Belonging to Philadelphia. 
PHILADEL'PHIAN, f. A native of Philadelphia, an 
inhabitant of Philadelphia 5 one of a fed! called the family 
of love. 
PHILADEL'PHIANS, in ecclefiaftical hiftory, an ob- 
fcure and inconfiderable fociety of myftics. They were 
formed about the end of the 17th century by an Englifh 
female fanatic, wl’.ofe name was Jane Leadley. This wo¬ 
man feduced by her vifions, predi&ions, and doctrines, 
feveral difciples, among w hom were fome perfons of learn¬ 
ing. She believed that all diflenfions among Chriftians 
would ceafe, and the kingdom of the Redeemer become 
a fcene of charity and felicity, if Chriftians, difregarding 
the forms of dodtrine or difcipline of their feveral com¬ 
munions, would all join in committing their fouls to the 
care of the internal guide, to be inftrudied, governed, and 
formed, by his divine impulfe and fuggeftions. But (lie 
went farther than this ; file even pretended a divine com- 
mifllon to proclaim the approach of this glorious com¬ 
munion of faints ; and was convinced that the fociety ef- 
tablifhed by herfelf w\as the true kingdom of Chrift. One 
of her leading doctrines was, that of the final reftoration 
of all intelligent beings to perfedfion and happinefs. 
PHILADEL'PHUS, a title or furname borne by feve¬ 
ral ancient kings; formed from the Greek (pi^oq, friend 
or lover, and a&Aipo;, brother; q. d. one who loves his 
brother or brethren. 
Ptolemy II. king of Egypt, aflumed the name of Phi- 
iadelphus, orhad it given him,as we fuppofe, by antiphra- 
iis, becaufe one of the firft adls of his reign was murder¬ 
ing two of his brothers, a mode of fhovving “brotherly 
love” which is extremely common in the Eaft. It was 
Ptolemy Philadelphus, however, w'ho founded, or at lead 
improved, the famous library at Alexandria, and who 
procured the Greek verfion of the Books of Mofes called 
the Septuagint. Seethe article Egypt, vol. vi. p. 298-300. 
PHILADEL'PHUS, J'. [the name of a (hrub mentioned 
by Athenxus, which it is impoflible for us to afcertain. 
Cafpar Bauhin firft applied this fynonyin to our fyringa, 
or mock-orange, with which it remains, as the generic 
appellation. Linnaeus fuppofes it was defigned to com¬ 
memorate Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt; but a 
much more probable opinion feems to be, that the plant 
of Athenaeus was of the twining or clafping kind ; and 
that the word, by a poetical fancy, was intended to ex- 
prefs its “ brotherly love” for thofe near it.] In botany, 
a genus of the clafs icofandria, order monogynia, natural 
order of hefperidete, (myrti, Juff.) Generic characters — 
Calyx: perianthium one-leafed, four or five-parted, acu¬ 
minate, permanent. Corolla : petals four or five, round- 
itli, flat, large, fpreading. Stamina: filaments twenty or 
twenty-five, awl-fhaped, the length of the calyx ; antherse 
ereft, four-grooved. Piftillum : germ inferior; ftyle fili¬ 
form, four or five-parted. Stigmas fimple. Pericarpiuin : 
capfule ovate, acuminate at both ends, naked at the top 
by the calyx being barked, four or five celled : partitions 
contrary. Seeds numerous, oblong, fmall, decumbent, 
arilled, fattened to the thickened edge of the partitions. 
Arils club-ftiaped, acuminate, toothletted at the bafe.— 
EJJential Character. Calyx four or five-parted, fuperior; 
petals four or five; capfules four or five-celled, many- 
feeded. There are four fpecies, befides varieties. 
1. Philadelphus coronarius, common fyring'a, or mock- 
orange, leaves fomewhat toothed. The common or white 
fyringa, or mock-orange, is a fnrub that fends up a great 
number of flender ftalks from the root, feven or eight feet 
in height, having a grey bark, and putting forth feveral 
fhort branches from their fide. Leaves ovate or ovate- 
lanceolate; thofe upon the young ftioots three inches 
and a half long, and two broad in the middle, terminating 
in acute points, and having feveral indentures on their 
edges; they are rough and of a deep green on their upper 
fide 5 and pale on their under; ftand oppofite upon very 
P H I 
fhort foot-ftalks, and have the tafte of frefh cucumbers. 
The flowers come out from the fide, and at the end of 
the branches, in loofe bunches, each on a fhort pedicel ; 
they are large, white, looking fomewhat like thofe of the 
orange, powerfully Rented, fo as to be intolerable to moft 
people in a clofe room, though pleafant in the open air. 
Gerard, having laid fome in his chamber window, fays they 
awaked him out of his fleep, and he was forced to throw 
them away. Thefe flowers appear at the end of May, 
and continue great part of June. This fhrub feldom pro¬ 
duces feeds that ripen in this country. The primary 
flower is five-cleft in the calyx, corolla, piftil, and capfule ; 
the reft are four-cleft. The ftyle in the flowering 
calyx is four-cleft at the tip only, but in the feeding 
calyx it is cloven to the very bafe. The leaves are 
ftrongly nerved underneath, and are very irregularly 
toothed. Native probably of the fouth of Europe, though 
no place is afligned in any of the local Floras where it is 
found really wild. Linnaeus fays, but with a doubt, 
about Verona ; Ray obferved it near Mont Saleve in Sa¬ 
voy, far from any houfe, but did not dare to pronounce 
it wild there; Haller and Krocker fpeak of it only' as a 
denizen, and Allioni as of exotic origin. Villars fays it is 
not indigenous of Dauphine, though it is found in hedges 
far from habitations. This is reprefented on the annexed 
Engraving, at fig. 1. 
£?. Ph. nanus, or dwarf fyringa, feldom rifes above three 
feet high. The leaves are fherter, more ovate, and little 
indented on their edges. The flowers come out fingly 
from the fide of the branches, and have a double or tre¬ 
ble row of petals of the fame iize and form as the other, 
and the flowers have the fame feent; but, flowering very 
rarely, it is not much efteemed. 
y. Ph. inodorus, or Carolina fcentlefs mock-orange : 
leaves entire. Native of Carolina.- Rather more tender 
than the former, and not often met with in gardens, 
though it is preferved in the open ground at Kew. This 
is an humbler, more flender,and fpreading, fhrub than the 
common kind, bearing fewer, rather later, and much lar¬ 
ger, as well as more elegant, fnow-whire flowers, which 
are deftitute of feent; a quality that might render this 
plant, to fome perfons, more definable than the prece¬ 
ding varieties. It is made a feparate fpecies by Miller, 
the leaves being entire (like thofe of the pear-tree), not 
toothed, and the flowers being void of feent. Of this 
variety, therefore, we have given a leaf at fig. 2. buds at 
fig. 3. and feed-veflel at fig. 4. all from Catefby. 
2. Philadelphus fcoparius, myrtle-leaved fyringa, or 
New-Zealand tea : leaves lanceolate, quite entire, rigid, 
three-nerved; all the flowers five-cleft; calycine fegments 
coloured, deciduous. Stem arboreous, very much branch¬ 
ed, almoft upright, full of chinks, afli-coloured ; branches 
diffufed, oblique, fubfaftigiate, round, leaflefs, the upper 
ones rod-like, leafy, herbaceous at the top, ftlky-villofe. 
Leaves alternate, fubfeflile, acute, dotted, dark green 
above, pale underneath. Flowers folitary, terminating, 
feflile, white, the fize of cherry-bloffoms. Native of New 
Zealand, where the frefh flowering flioots were ufed as 
tea by the Tailors in Captain Cook’s voyage. They 
found the infufion fweetly aromatic and fragrant; in a 
fhort time, however, it became very bitter. It was fup- 
pofed to be ferviceable in the fea-icurvy. It was intro¬ 
duced here in 1772, and flowers in June and July. 
3. Philadelphus aromaticus, or fweet-feented fyringa : 
leaves linear-lanceolate, nervelefs. This is alfo a native 
of New- Zealand, where it was found, with the preceding, 
by fir Jofeph Banks. It was introduced with that in 
1772, and flowers in July and Auguft. 
4. Philadelphus laniger, or woolly fyringa; leaves ob¬ 
long, acute, quite entire, pubefeent; calyxes woolly. 
Native of New South Wales. Introduced in 1774, by 
Tobias Furneaux, efq. It flowers in June and July. 
Propagation and Culture. Common fyringa is extreme¬ 
ly hardy, and will thrive in almoft any foil or fituation, 
but will grow taller in light good ground than in that 
, which 
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