P H I 
which is ft iff. It is ufually propagated by fuckers, which 
are fent from the roots in great plenty. Thefe Ihould be 
taken from the old plants in autumn, and planted in a 
nurfery, to grow one or two years till they have obtained 
ftrength, and then they may be tranfplanted to the places 
where they are defigned to remain. They are commonly 
difpofed in plantations of flowering flirubs, among'Others 
of the fame growth. The fyringa mixes very well with 
lilacs, gelder-rofe, and laburnum; and is particularly 
valuable from its thriving under the (hade of trees, and 
forming a blockade againft low buildings, where perfons 
have no objection to the powerful odour. It may be in- 
creafed by cuttings, planted in Oftober in a moift Ihady 
border; and by layers, from young twigs put into the 
ground at the beginning of winter; thefe will be rooted 
by the autumn following. The other fpecies may be 
increafed in the fame way, but are too tender to bear the 
open air in our climate. 
TBl'LJE, Phile, or Philoe. See Philoe. 
PHILsSE'NI, two brothers, citizens of Carthage, who 
facrificed their lives for the good of their country. See 
the article Carthage, voh iii. p. 836, 7. 
■ PHIL^ENO'RUM A'R A, the Altar of the Philjeni, 
in ancient geography, a place of Africa, on the fouthern 
coaft, and nearly at the bottom of the gulf which forms 
towards the fouth-eaft the greater Syrtis. It derived its 
name from the circumftance mentioned in the preceding 
article ; and ferved as a boundary to the empire of the 
Carthaginians, which extended from this monument to 
Hercules’s Pillars, which is about 2000 miles, or, accord¬ 
ing to the accurate obfervations of the moderns, only 
1420 geographical miles. 
PHILAM'MON of Delphos, the fon of Chryfothemis 
of Crete, obtained the prize at the Pythic games the fecond 
time they were celebrated. His father was viftor at the 
flrft, and his fon Thamyris won the third prize. Cryfo- 
t hem is was the fon of Carmanor, who lived before Ho¬ 
mer, and was the twin-brother of Autolycus, maternal 
grandfather of Ulyffes. Their mother, Rhiona, daughter 
of Dedalion, brother of Ceyx king of Trachia, was be¬ 
loved the fame day by Apollo and Mercury; at the end 
of nine months Autolycus and Philammon were born. 
Philammon fun’g to his lyre in the birth of Latona, 
Apollo, and Diana. His fon Thamyris was celebrated 
for the difpute which he had with the Mufes. 
PHILAN'THROPAL, adj. Philanthropic; tending to 
philanthropy, or the love of human kind. Cole. 
PHILANTHROPIC, or Phil anthropic al, adj. 
[from philanthrophy .] Loving mankind; vvifhing to do 
good to mankind.-—The effeft of this philanthropic fpirit 
is, that the vices which are (till generally harboured, are 
fins of indulgence and refinement rather than of cruelty 
and barbarifm. Bp. Horfley. 
PHILANTHROPIST, J'. One who loves, and wifties 
to ferve, mankind. 
O, how Omnipotence 
Is loft in love ! Thou great P/iilanthropiJl, 
Father of angels, but the friend of man ;—- 
How art .thou pleas’d by bounty to diftrefs ! 
Young’s Night Thoughts. 
PHILAN'THROPOS,/. A lover of human kind; a 
philanthropift. Scott. 
PHILANTHROPY, f. [from the Gr. (ptAsw, to love, 
and av^a 7 ro;, man. This word is much older, in our 
language, than the time of Addifon ; from whom alone 
Dr. Johnfon cites an example of the word. Mr. Malone 
is of opinion that Dryden, in his charadler of Polybius, 
printed in 1692, flrft introduced philanthropy, as an Eng- 
liftt word ; but it had been in uie long before that time. 
Todd.~\ Love of mankind.—The fuppofition we would 
■willingly make, is certainly mod agreeable to that im¬ 
partial goodnefs and philanthropy of God, which the 
facred writers fo much celebrate. Plaifere of the Sale, of 
Vol. XX. No. 1353. 
PHI 85 
the Heathen, published 1719, but written early in the 
feventeenth century.—The greater wonder it is, that fo 
many doftrines among the Heathens, and Chriftians too, 
ftiould be received with a non-obftante to this native and 
eafy fenfe of the divine goodnefs and philanthropy lodged 
in their minds. Spencer on Prodigies, 1666.—Such a tran- 
fiCnt temporary good-nature is not that philanthropy, that 
love of mankind, which deferves the title of a moral vir¬ 
tue. Addifon. 
PxIILAR'GYROUS, adj. [from philargyry.'] Loving 
money, tending to the love of filver. Cole. 
PHILAR'GYRY, f. [from the Gr. cp iAe«, to love, and 
apyvpo?, filver.] The love of money. Cole. 
PHILARMQNI'CI, the denomination of a literary fo- 
ciety eftabliflied at Verona in 1543. 
PHILAS'TER, an Italian prelate and eccleflaftical 
writer in the fourth century, feems to have been a native 
of Italy, who is fa id to have early renounced all worldly 
purfnits, and devoted himfelf to the minifterial office. 
Having been ordained prieft, he purpofed to imitate the 
example of the apoftle Paul; and traverfed molt of the 
provinces of the Roman empire, endeavouring to gain 
converts from Gentilifm to Chriftianity, and to bring 
back wandering heretics to the Catholic fold. To the 
latter objeft in particular, he applied himfelf with extra¬ 
ordinary zeal, and is laid to have been fuccefsful in con¬ 
vincing many Aria 11s of the erroneoul’nefs of their creed. 
He was made bifliop of Brefcia; and warmly oppofed 
Auxentius, the Arian bifliop of Milan, who is faid to 
have perfecuted the Catholics, and treated Phiiafter inju¬ 
riously for ftanding up in defence of the Nicene faith. 
After St. Ambrofe fucceeded to the bifliopric of Milan, 
an intimate friend (hip fubfifted between him and our pre¬ 
late. Phiiafter was prefect at the council of Aquileia, in 
381 ; and, though the year of his death is not certainly 
known, yet that event is generally fuppofed to have 
taken place in 386 or 387, In the year 380, or foon after, 
he publifhed a final! treatife “ Concerning Herefies,” con¬ 
taining a more numerous catalogue of opinions, to which 
he was pleafed to give that odious epithet, than has ap¬ 
peared in the work of any other eccleflaftical writer. 
Among other notions which he flrft difeovered to be he¬ 
retical, are the following : That the breath which God in- 
fpired into man was his foul; that earthquakes are natural 
effects; that the names of profane gods may be given to 
the liars ; that the number of years fince the creation is 
not certain ; that David was not the author of all the 
Pfalms; that we may follow another verfion of the Scrip¬ 
tures befldes the Siptuagint, &c. His work is alfo dif- 
graced by the grofieft historical and chronological blun¬ 
ders; (hows the author to have poffeffed but a very mo¬ 
derate (hare of learning; and is written in an incorrect 
and mean ltyle. However, the zeal which it difeovers 
in the caufe of orthodoxy, has been judged a fuflicient 
counterbalance to all its faults, and procured for it va¬ 
rious impreflions at Bafil, Paris, Cologn, Helmftadt, and 
at Hamburgh in 1721, 8vo. with the corredlions and notes 
of the learned John Albert Fabricius. It is alfo inferted 
in the feventh vol. of the Bibl. Patr. Cave’s Hift. Lit. 
vol. i. 
PHILAU'TIA, f. [from the Greek <p(Ai«, to love, and 
avroq, one’s felft] Self-love. Phillips. 
PHI'LE (Manuel), a modern Greek poet, was a native 
of Ephefus, and flourilhed about the year 1321, under 
the emperor Michael Paleologus the Younger, to whom 
he dedicated a poem On the Properties of Animals, com- 
pofed in Iambic verfe. It was flrft printed in Greek at 
Venice in 1530. An edition in Greek and Latin was 
given by Corn, de Paw, at Utrecht, in 1730, 4to. He 
wrote other poems, of which (ome pieces are contained 
in Fabricius’s Biblioth. Grsec. All his poems, under the 
title of “ Cannina,” were edited by Wenfdorf at Leipzig, 
1768, 8vo. Moreri. 
PHIL'EBERT, a town of France, in the department 
Z of 
