PHI 
opera manager, would not let it be performed, telling him 
that he would have no airs introduced in the fcenes of 
that theatre. In 1758 he produced fome airs for the 
“Pilgrims of Mecca,” at the comic opera; Corbi, the 
manager, propofed to him the undertaking to fet an 
entire opera for that theatre ; and the firft drama he fet 
was “ Blaife le Savetier,” or the Cobler, which was per¬ 
formed at La Foire St. Laurent, in 1759, the great- 
eft fuccefs; and afterwards five more f'uccefsful comic 
operas iffued from his pen, among which “ Le Marechal 
ferrant,” or the Blackfmith, fupported more than a hun¬ 
dred reprefentations. In 1762, at the union of the 
Opera Comique and the Theatre Italien, he produced 
“ Sanch Pancain 1763, “ Le Bucheron,” and a mufical 
entertainment for the peace; in 1764, “ Le Sorcier 5” in 
1765, “Tom Jones,” which at firft was hilled, but after¬ 
wards acquired great favour. In 1767 his ferious opera 
of “ Ernclinrie” was performed at the great opera-houfe, 
which was the beginning of the revolution in the ftyle 
of mufic at that theatre. In 1769 he fet for the comic 
opera “ Le Jardihier de Sidon ;” in 1770, “Lejardinier 
fuppofe;” in 1771, the “ New’ School for Wives ; in 1772, 
“ Le Bon Fils; in 1773, the “Navigator;” in 1775, 
“ Les Femmes vengees;” and in 1779, in London, “The 
Carmen Seculare” of Horace. The performance was at 
Freemafon’s Hall, and was attended by many perfons of 
learning and tafte, in expectation of a revival of the mufic 
of the ancients, and perhaps of its miraculous powers. 
To what kind of mufic the Carmen Seculare was performed 
at Rome, we pretend not to fay ; but in London we 
could trace the compofer’s models for the chorufles in the 
oratorios of Handel, and the operas of Rameau ; and for 
the airs in his own comic operas, and the favourite me¬ 
lodies then in vogue in that theatre, many of which,with 
Italian words and Italian finging, would be elegant and 
pleating mufic any-where. Philidor, however, in fetting 
the Secular Ode, it muft be confefled, manifefted his 
knowledge of counterpoint in the ftyle of the old mailers; 
and that, in fpite of chefs, he had found time for the 
ferious lludy of mufic. 
But in London he was known chiefly as a chefs-player, 
in which game he appears to have been unrivalled. Of 
his wonderful exhibitions in this game we have only 
room to give the following inftance: In May-1783, he 
played at the fame time three different games without 
feeing either of the tables. His opponents were Count 
Bruhl, Mr. Bowdler (the two bell players in London), 
and Mr. Maferes. He defeated count Bruhl in one hour 
and twenty minutes, and Mr. Maferes in two hours. Mr. 
Bowdler reduced his game to a drawn battle in an hour 
and three-quarters. To tbofe who underftand chefs, this 
mull appear one of the greateft exertions of which the 
human memory is fufteptible. To the laft moment of his 
life, he enjoyed, though near feventy years of age, a ftrong 
retentive memory, which rendered him remarkable in 
the circle of his acquaintance in the capital. He was 
member of the celebrated chefs-club near thirty years, 
and difpiayed thole meek qualities, that rendered him not 
lefs elleemed as a companion than admired for his extra¬ 
ordinary (kill in the difficult game for which he was fo 
-pre-eminently diflinguifhed. Within two months of his 
death, he played two games, blindfold, at the fame time, 
againil two excellent chefs-players; and was declared the 
vitlor. This wonderful chefs-player, and pleafing com- 
poler and performer of mufic, died in London on the 
3.1ft of Auguft, 1795. 
PHILIN'SKOI, a town of Ruflia, in the government 
of Tobollk, on the Irtifch: 120 miles north of Tobollk. 
PHILI'NUS, a phyfician, born in the illand of Cos, 
v/as a difciple of Ilerophilus, and llourilhed about 260 
B.C. He was a dillinguilhed member of the Empirical 
feft, of which, indeed, he divides the honour with Sera- 
pion of Alexandria, of being elleemed the founder. He 
is laid, by Athenteus, to have been the author of a treatife 
PHI 87 
on herbs, and of fome commentaries on the works of 
Hippocrates. Le Clerc's Hift. de la Med. 
PHILI'NUS, a native of Agrigentum, who fought 
with Annibal againil the Romans. He wrote a partial 
liiftory of the Punic wars. C. Nep. in Annib. 
PHIL'IP, [Gr. a lover of horfes.] The name of five 
kings of Macedon, of an emperor of Rome, and of fe- 
veral kings of France and Spain. See the refpedtive 
articles. 
PHIL'IP, fofter-brother of Antiochus Epiphanes, 
(1 Macc. vi. 14,55. 2 Macc. ix. 29.) was a Phrygian by 
birth, and very much in Antiochus’s favour. This 
prince made him governor of Jerufalem, (2 Macc. viii. 8. 
v. 22.) where he committed many outrages upon the Jews, 
to force them to forfake their religion. Seeing that 
Apolloniits and Seron were defeated by Judas Maccabasus, 
he fent for new fuccours to Ptolemy governor of Ccelo- 
Syria,who difpatchedGorgias and Nicanor with a powerful 
army. Some time after, Antiochus going beyond the 
Euphrates to extort money from the people, Philip went 
along with him; and Antiochus, finding himfelf near his 
end, (1 Macc. vi. 14.) made him regent of the kingdom, 
put his diadem into his hands, his royal cloak, and his 
ring, that he might render them to hisfon the young 
Antiochus Eupator. But Lyfias having taken poifelfion 
of the government in the name of young Eupator, who 
was but a child, Philip, not being able to cope with him, 
durft not return into Syria ; but he went into Egypt, 
carrying the body of Epiphanes along with him, there to 
implore aflillance from Ptolemy Philometer againil Lyfias. 
The year following, while Lyfias was bufy in the war 
carrying on againil the Jews, Philip got into Syria, and 
took poifelfion of Antioch : but Lyfias, returning into the 
country with great diligence, retook Antioch, and put 
Philip to death. See the article Jew, vol. x. p. 795. 
PHIL'IP (St.), an apollle of Chrift, was a native of the 
town of Bethlaida in Galilee, on the borders of the Lake 
of Gennelareth, or Sea of Tiberias. The facred writings 
afford us no information refpefting his original mode of 
life; but it is probable that he followed the employment 
of a filherman, as that was the general trade of the place 
where he refided, and the occupation of the perfons who 
were his moll intimate aflociates. He was the firft who 
had the honour of being called by our Saviour to follow 
him as his difciple; for,’though Andrew and Peter were 
earlier believers in Chrift as the Median, they had not 
yet been fummoned from their callings to become his 
Hated attendants. (John i. 43.) No loaner had Philip 
been thus dillinguilhed, than he haftened to communicate 
the joyful tidings to Nathaniel, a man of extraordinary 
piety and' integrity, that the long expected Mefliah had 
made his appearance in the perfon of Jefus of Nazareth. 
Upon Nathaniel’s queftioning whether fuch an exalted 
character could fpring froth a family belonging to a place 
fo defpicable, Philip, after defiring him to come and form 
his own judgment upon the lubjedt, brought him to 
Jefus; who loon fatisfied him concerning his high claims, 
by reminding him of a fcene in which, very probably, 
Nathaniel had been engaged in fecret devout meditations, 
no knowledge of which could have reached any perfon, 
excepting by fupernatural communication; (ver. 48.) 
Nathaniel is fuppofed to be the fame perfon with Bartho¬ 
lomew, one of the apollles. 
After Philip was appointed to the office of an apollle, 
little is recorded concerning him individually in the fa¬ 
cred hiftory. He was the perfon to whom our Lord, 
when he was about to feed miraculoufly the multitude 
who were afiernbled to hear him, propoled the queftion. 
Whence Jhall we bu\j bread, that thej’e map cal l On this oc- 
cafion Philip, who feerns to have forgotten for a moment 
the extraordinary power of his mailer, anfwered with fur- 
prife, Two hundred pennyworth of bread is not Sufficient for 
them, that every one may take a little.'''’ Our Lord’s queftion, 
however, was defigned to try Philip, and to fix his atten¬ 
tion 
