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P H I 
P H I 
PHILIP'PI, a town of European Turkey, in Romania : 
twenty-five miles fouth of Emboli. 
PHILIP'PI (Henry), a learned Jefuit, was a native of 
Luxemberg, and born in the vicinity of St. Hubert’s in 
the Ardennes, in the year 1575. He commenced his no¬ 
viciate at the age of twenty-one, and foon diftinguilhed 
himfelfby his proficiency in the various departments of 
academical learning, and particularly in fcripture-hiftory 
and chronology. Having been admitted to the degree of 
doctor of divinity, he taught philofophy, fcholaftic divi¬ 
nity, and biblical literature, in the univerfities of Gratz 
in Styria, Vienna, and Prague. For fome time he was 
re< 5 lor, or prefident, of the college belonging to the Je- 
luits at Vienna. Afterwards he was appointed tutor and 
confefibr to Ferdinand III. king of Hungary and Bohe¬ 
mia ; in whofe fervice he died at Ratifbon in 1636, about 
the age of 61, while attending his royal pupil at the diet 
which elected him king of the Romans. He was the au¬ 
thor of a great number of works, all upon the fubjeft of 
chronology; among which are the following: 1. Chrono¬ 
logic.! Synopfis facrorum Temporum, 1624. 2. Manuale 
Chronologicum veteris Teftamenti, 1635. 3. Chronolo¬ 
gize veteris Teftamenti accuratum Examen, 1637. 
PHILIP'PIAN, adj. Belonging to Philippi. 
PEILIP'PIANS, f. The inhabitants of Philippi; the 
title of one of St. Paul’s Epiftles. 
PHILIP'PICS, a name given to the orations of Demof- 
thenes againft Philip king of Macedon. The Philippics 
are reckoned the mafter-pieces of that great orator: 
Longinus quotes many inftances of the fublime from 
them; and points out a thoufand latent beauties. 
Dionyfius Halicarnafleus ranks the Oration on the Ha- 
lonefe among the Philippics, and places it the eighth in 
order: but, though his authority be great, yet that force 
and majefty wherein Cicero charadterizes the Philippics 
of Demofthenes, feem to exclude the oration on the Ha- 
lonefe out of the number; and authorize thealmoft uni- 
verfal opinion of the learned, who rejedt it as fpurious. 
Libanius, Photius,and others, but above all the languid- 
nefis of the ftyle, and the lownefs of the expreflions, which 
reign throughout the whole, father it on Hegefippus. 
Philippic is likewife applied to the fourteen orations 
of Cicero againft Mark Anthony. Cicero himfelf gave 
them this title in his Epiftles to Brutus ; and pofterity 
have found it fo juft, that it has been continued to our 
times. Juvenal, Sat. x. calls the fecond the “divine Phi¬ 
lippic,” and witnefles it to be of great fame ; Confpicnce 
divinu Philip pica famcc. That orator’s entitling his laft 
and moft valued orations after the Philippics of Demof¬ 
thenes fliows the high opinion he had of them. Cicero’s 
Philippics colt him his life; Mark Antony having been 
fo irritated with them, that, when he arrived at the tri¬ 
umvirate, he procured Cicero’s murder, cut off his head, 
and ftuck it up in the very place whence the orator had 
delivered the Philippics. 
PHILIPPI'NA, a town of Mexico, in the province of 
Guatimala. Lat. 12. 50. N. Ion. 91. 30. W. 
PHILIP'PINE, a town of the Netherlands, ftrongly 
fortified, fituated on an arm of the Scheldt: fifteen miles 
eaft of Sluys. 
PHILIP'PINE BA'Y, or Bahia de Corles, a bay on 
the fouth coaft of Cuba. Lat. 22. N. Ion. 83. 50. W. 
PHILIP'PINES, a large group of ifiands of Alia, which 
lie between 114 and 126 degrees of eaft longitude, and 
between 6 and 20 degrees of north latitude; about 300 
miles fouth-eaft of China. They form a principal divifion 
of that immenfe Indian Archipelago, which confifts of 
fo many thoufand iflands, fome of which are the largeft, 
and many of them the richeft, in the world. The Phi¬ 
lippines form the northernmoft duller of thefe iflands, 
and were difcovered by the famous Ferdinand Magellan, 
on St. Lazarus’s day, in the year 1521 ; and, in honour 
of that faint, he called them the Archipelago of St. La¬ 
zarus. He took poffeflion of them in the name of the 
king of Spain, but happened to be killed in a Ikirmilh he 
had with the natives of one of them. His people, how¬ 
ever, arri ved afterwards at the Moluccas, or Clove iflands, 
where they left a colony, and returned to Spain by the 
way of the Cape of Good Hope; being the firft perfons 
that ever failed round the globe. No attempt was made 
by the Spaniards to fubdue or plant thefe Philippines 
until the year 1564, in the reign of Philip II. fon of 
Charles V. when Don Louis de Velafco, viceroy of Mex¬ 
ico, fent Michael Lopez Delagafpes thither with a fleet, 
and a force fufficient to make a conqueft of thefe iflands, 
which he named the Philippines, in honour of Philip II. 
then upon the throne of Spain. Manilla, in the iflahd of 
Lugon, or Luzonia, was the ftation chofen for the capital 
of this new eftablifliment. The chief iflands of this group 
are Lugon, the capital of which is Manilla, Mindanao, 
Palawan, Mindoro, Pani, Buglas or Ifle of Negroes, Zebu, 
Leyt or Leita, and Samar or Samal. On the coaft of Zebu 
is the fmall ifle of Madtan, where the celebrated navigator 
Magellan was flain. See an account of thefe iflands under 
their refpedtive names. The other little iflands might be 
counted by hundreds. This great and extenfive group 
prefents, in general, many volcanic appearances, and moft 
of the ifles abound with lava and volcanic glafs, fulphur, 
and hot fprings. See vol. xiv. p. 285. 
The inhabitants of thefe iflands confift of Chinefe, 
Ethiopians, Malays, Spaniards, Portuguefe, Pintados or 
Painted People, and Meftees, a mixture of all thefe. 
Their perfons and habits referable thofe of the feveral 
nations whence they derive their origin ; only it is ob- 
fervable, that the features of the blacks of thefe iflands 
are as agreeable as thofe of the white people. The moun¬ 
tainous parts are peopled with favages, who feem to be 
ancient inhabitants of the country, and the refemblance 
of whofe language with that of Malabar renders it pro¬ 
bable that they came originally from that part of India. 
Their manner of living is merely animal; and they have 
no fixed habitations. But the inhabitants of the plain are 
more civilized ; and are initiated into the myfteries of the 
Spanijh religion. A remarkable difference was obferved 
by M. le Gentil between the Spanilh women in this country 
and the Indian females. The former are handfome, and 
well-fliaped, in their early youth ; but, as foon as they 
have palled the age of feventeen, they undergo a Angular 
metamorphofis. Their bellies fwell to an enormous lize; 
their breafts hang down almoft to their knees; their 
countenance changes, and their features grow large ; in 
fhort, they become highly deformed. The latter, on the 
contrary, preferve, for" a long time, the delicacy of their 
features, and the elegance of their Ihape. 
There is not a foil in the world that produces greater 
plenty of all things for life than the Philippine Iflands. 
Nor can any country appear more beautiful; for there is 
a perpetual verdure, and buds, bloffoms, and fruit, are 
found upon the trees all the year round, as well on the 
mountains as in the cultivated gardens. Vail quantities 
of gold are walked down from the hills by the rains, and 
found mixed with the fand of their rivers. There are alfo 
mines of other metals, and excellent loadftones, found 
here ; and fuch numbers of wild buffaloes, that a good 
huntfman on horfeback, armed with a fpear, may kill 
ten or twenty in a day. The Spaniards take them for 
their hides, which they'fell to the Chinefe ; and their 
carcafes ferve the mountaineers for food. Their woods 
alfo abound with deer, wild hogs, and goats. Of the laft, 
there is fuch plenty in one of thefe iflands, that the Spa¬ 
niards gave it the name of Cabras. Horfes and cows 
have been likewife imported into thefe iflands, from New 
Spain, China, and Japan, which have multiplied confider- 
ably; but the flieep that were brought over came to 
nothing. The trees produce a great variety of gums3 
one kind, which is the commoneft, by the Spaniards 
called brea, is ufed inftead of pitch ; of the others fome are 
medicinal, others odoriferous. 
In thofe iflands are monkeys and baboons of fuch a 
fize, as to defend themfelves if attacked by men. When 
they 
