112 PHILO 
cal Essays,” which appeared in the year 1810, he fays, 
“I have not abandoned the defign which I ventured to 
announce eighteen years ago, and in the execution of 
which I have already made confiderable progrefs; namely, 
tocomplete the Analysis of the intellectual Pow¬ 
ers.” Thefe latter words occur in the advertifement to 
“Elements of the Philofopliy of the Human Mind, by 
Dugald Stewart, 179a.” I may venture to affirm therefore 
that his objeCt was to furniffi a complete analyfis of the 
Human Mind, which he had commenced in his work bear¬ 
ing that title; and that he was engaged in the very 
fame purfuit that had occupied profeffor Kant during the 
greaterpart of h is life. This truly great philofcpher hasac- 
tually completed the talk which Mr.Stewart is (till attempt¬ 
ing to accomplifh. The “Critic of Pure Reason,'’ 
publiflied in 1781, contains a Complete Analyfis of all the 
Menial Faculties; a faCt which I feel myielf as com¬ 
petent to prove as to compel affent to any propofition of 
Euclid. 
It was under this impreffion that I fent my treatife 
on “ Metaphysics” (fee vol. xv.) to Mr. Stewart. I con¬ 
ceived that, as thefe two philofophers had devoted the 
greaterpart of their lives to the analyfis of the intellectual 
powers, the fpeculations of the one muft naturally be 
interefting to the other,as tending to e’icit truth ; or that, 
if one of them had fucceeded in eftabliftvng a Angle 
elementary part of the human Mind, the other would find 
it ufelels to continue the fearch after it. I felt further 
allured that I had not miftaken the aim of Mr. Stewart, 
by the following paffage extracted from his “ Philofophi- 
cal Effays,” Note L. “ The-origin of the Notion of Exten- 
fion, I confider as a fad altogether unaccountable. What¬ 
ever light can be thrown on this obfeure fubject may be 
regarded as a valuable acceffion to the natural hi (lory of 
the human underftanding.” Now I have no hefitation 
in faying, that the origin of the notion of Extenjion , to¬ 
gether with its concomitant notion Space, which has fo 
long puzzled the world, as well as its filter-notion Time, 
is fully accounted for by Kant in that chapter of his 
“Critic of Pure Reason” entitled Tranfceudental Efthe- 
tics. This fubjeCt occupies forty pages of the original Ger¬ 
man Critic; and, feeling as I do, that the light he throws 
upon this obfeure fubjeCt muft be regarded as a valuable 
acceffion to the natural hiftory of the human underftand¬ 
ing, I have given in this article a tranllation of the whole 
“ Esthetics,” where I am confident the attentive reader 
and llridfly-logical arguer will not only find the origin of 
the notion of Extenfion accounted for, but alfo a complete 
definition of the Senjitive Faculty, and a full explanation 
of its elementary parts Time and Space. This tranfia- 
tion may alfo ferve as a fpecimen of the fidelity with 
which I hope at fome future period to lay before my 
countrymen a tranllation of the entire “Critic of 
Pure Reason.” As the tranllation here referred to is 
f rom the original German work written by Kant himfelf, 
and the text is perfectly uniform in the fix ed’t'ons which 
I poffefs and "have carefully collated, it would be molt 
defirable that Mr. Stewart lliould compare it with the 
Latin work of Born which he ftates he polfelfes, and from 
which he has made fome extracts in his Differtation for 
the Supplemental volumes of the Encyclopaedia Bri- 
tarinica. 
I avail myfelf of this opportunity to invite all thofe 
who feel interefted in thefe refearches to favour me with 
their remarks, and particularly fuch as may be acquainted 
with the German language ; for, the more this lpecimen 
is examined and criticized, the more will it tend to im¬ 
prove the reft of the tranllation of this great work. I 
moft certainly have but one view in this undertaking; 
and that is, to fubmit this volume to the examination of 
the learned in England, in the expectation that they will 
either fully eftablilh its truth, or completely deteCt its 
hidden fallacy. It is now upwards of forty years fince 
this “ mafterpiece of human reafon” appeared in its 
.native drefs, and it has never yet been honoured with an 
S OP H Y. 
Englilh garb. Still Icannot help thinking that the coun¬ 
try which gave birth to a Bacon, a Locke, and a Hume, 
will, when it is enabled fully to appreciate its merits, do 
it the juftice it demands. 
Being fully convinced that thefe two great men were 
evidently engaged in the fame undertaking, the analyfis 
of the mental faculties, with this difference only, that the 
one felt he had accomplilhed his talk, while the other was 
labouring to fulfil his promife of eighteen years’ Handing 
(now twenty-two years, and not yet fulfilled) ; in the 
article Metaphysics before alluded to, I ventured to 
repeat a prediction that I had made in the year 1812 when 
fpeaking of Mr. Stewart’s mental analyfisThe perform¬ 
ance of this talk,” I then laid, “ muft unavoidably termi¬ 
nate in his own difiatisfaCtion, and in the difappointment 
of the world, un/efs he can refute Kant's Theory of the 
Mind. Indeed there is no other path in which he can 
proceed with the hope of fuccefs but to inveftigate the 
Kantefian Theory, and either refute it altogether, or 
acknowledge its immutable truth." (See Kant, vol. xi. 
p. 606.) Finding no advancement in the promifed Ana¬ 
lyfis, I repeated my prognoftication in 1816, in page 205, 
article Metaphysics, vol. xv. and added, that, “ until 
thefe two great men could coincide in one unfhaken fen- 
timent refpeCting what is to be underftood by the Ele¬ 
ments of the Mind, the fcience itfelf could not boaft 
of univerlal evidence. Notwithftanding the numerous 
works that have proceeded from the pen of Mr. Dugald 
Stewart fince that period, ftill I have met with nothino- 
to induce me to change my fentiments on this head^ 
nor have I obferved that any one Jingle mental element has 
undergone fuch a difeuffion as to eftablilh it beyond dif- 
pute. Therefore, to fay the truth, I do not find the lead 
occaiion to amend my prophecy, except it be to predict 
more ftrongly the impoffibility of Mr. Stewart’s fuccefs 
in his promifed undertaking, unlefs indeed he lliould hap¬ 
pen to fall upon the precile difeoveries made thirty-fix 
years ago by the immortal Kant. And even this, allow¬ 
ing the poffibility of its taking place, would be a deplo¬ 
rable w'afte of time. Would it not be infinitely prefer¬ 
able that the time loft in this futile undertaking ffiould 
rather have been devoted to the in veftigation of thefyftem 
itfelf, already extant; and, when this was found to con¬ 
tain pu r e truth alone, that this elegant writer Jhould have 
employed his uncommon abilities in the promulgation and 
application of the true Philofopliy? Thus might Mr. 
Stewart have affifted in naturalizing a plant of foreign 
growth indeed, but the cultivation of which would, I 
have no doubt, be carried to higher perfection in this fa¬ 
vourite j'pot than in the climate which gave it birth. For 
the freedom of this country, like the falubrity of pure 
air, would enable it to produce fuch healthy and vigorous 
ihoots, as to aftonilh even the inhabitants of its native 
foil.” 
Having made fo bold an affertion refpeCting the Analy¬ 
fis of the Mental Powers contained in tne “ Critic of pure 
Reafon,” it may not be amifs to prefent to the reader the 
opinions of an immediate difciple of this great Philofopher, 
which will not only bear me out in what I have afferted 
but will fnow in what way Kant arrived at the completion 
of this undertaking. Profeffor Nitfch, the difciple here 
alluded to, imbibed the principles of this fyftem at Ko- 
niglberg under the immediate eye of the Father of Phiio- 
fophy ; he was indeed a favourite pupil of Kant and re¬ 
ceived many intimations from him of his fuccefs in pene¬ 
trating the depths of this fublime fcience. In the year 
1795, he gave public leCtures in London on the Analyfis 
of the Mental Faculties as eftabliffied in the “Critic of 
Pure Reafon.” It was from attending feveral courfes of 
thefe leCIures that I became a profelyte to this fyftem. 
In addition to this, I contracted a moft intimate friend- 
ftiip with this worthy character, whole life proved the 
excellence of his philofopliy, as well as the goodnefs of 
his heart. By means of this happy circumltance I be¬ 
came thoroughly initiated into all the intricacies, and 
what 
3 
