258 
Original Being, from whom all objedts are 
derived, 230; he is fimple, all-fufficient, 
eternal, &c. ib. but fuch an objedt is God, 
lb. 
Original fynthetical unity of Confcioufnefs , pre¬ 
cedes all reference to objedls, 195. 
Outlines of Moral Philofophy by Dugald 
Stewart, the difference between Man and 
Brutes difcuffed, 133. 
Painter, when he paints a pidture does no¬ 
thing but unite Intuitions, 128. 
Paley (Dr.) overcame the prejudices of 
early education, 145. 
Paradoxes of Tranfcendenta! Philofophy : 
1. Time and Space are both limited and in¬ 
finite, 
5.. Every thing in Nature is both in the 
Mind and out of it at the fame time. 
3. Every thing in Nature is both Pheno¬ 
menon and Noumenon. 
4 Every perfon exifts both in Time and 
Space and out of them at the fame time, 
163; their folution, ib. 
Paralogifms of Pure Reafon : 
1. Quantity— the Soul is one, (identical.) 
2. Quality — the Soul is Jimple. < 
3. Relation — the Soul is Jubfiance. 
4. Modality— the Soul is in relation to 
things in Space, 212. 
Pafcal fays that we impart the quality of 
our mind to the things we contemplate, 
151.. 
Perception illuftiated, 170. 
Perverted reafon afi’umes a higheft: intelli¬ 
gence, and thinks itfelf juftified in giving 
objedtive validity to its idea; this is a 
fault, 239. 
Phenomena are externalandinternalIntuitions, 
128; the objedts of Nature, 129; ex¬ 
amined with fcrupulous nicety, ib. alone 
have a real exiftence for us, 158 ; not the 
things in themfelves, but merely their ap¬ 
pearance, 160; mull have fomething 
given as its ground, 170 ; have merely a 
mental exiftence, 171 ; no part of them 
belong to the things in themfelves, 191. 
Philofophical or Univerfal Grammar muft 
exadtly correfpond with the laws of think¬ 
ing, that is, Logic, 177. 
Philofophical Religion, proves the neceflity 
ef the belief of the exiftence of God as the 
facred law-giver and judge of all moral 
beings, 174 ; of the immortality of the 
Soul, thus it gives life and conftancy to 
Virtue, ib. 
Philofopbizing is comprehending the Percep¬ 
tible by means of the Rational, 166. 
Philosophy defined, 109; founded upon 
Reafon, ib. divifible into Phyfics, Ethics, 
and Logic, ib. Phyfics is the refult of 
Sense and Understanding, Ethics 
is the refult of Reason, Logic is the 
laws of Thinking, or the felf-knowledge 
of Understanding and Reason, ib. 
the epoch is at length arrived that enables 
us to give permanent definitions of this 
fcience, ib. proper method of cultivating 
it, 110; it is delightful to fee it fmiling 
at its own abfurdities, and (halting hands 
with Common Senfe, 160; its nature, 
origin, and end, 163; much mifunder- 
ftood, 166 ; termed the Queen of 
Sciences, ib ; has for its objedt every 
fadt both within and without us, 168 ; its 
r.eceflity lies in the nature of Reafon 
itfelf, ib. the difference between it and 
the Mathematics explained, ib. the grand 
aim of Philofophy is to fubordinate every 
thing to the fupreme end of humanity, 
171 ; is the Science of Sciences, 172 ; 
firmly eftablilhes the Mathematics and the 
PHILOSOPHY. 
Principles of Morality, ib. the balls of all 
fcientific improvement of the human 
mind, ib. divided into Theoretical and 
PraBical, ib. the former is alfo formal, 
i. e. Logic-, the latter material, i. e. Me- 
taphyfes, ib. its end is completely to har- 
'.monize man with himfelf, 174; reconciles 
all apparent inconfiftencies both in the 
world and in man, ib. fhows the proper 
deftination of man both in this and in a 
future life, 175; requires the cultivation 
of the entire Knowing Faculty, ib. fhows 
us the truth of thofe objeBs of faith which 
are fo pre-eminently dear to us, ib. 
teaches us to judge rightly of the value 
of human life, ib. our earthly exiftence 
only a condition to another, ib. purifies 
our inclinations and tames our paflions, 
176 ; greatly contributes to the Morality 
and Happinefs of mankind, ib. has banifhed 
fuperffition, 177; muft go hand in hand 
with Hiftory to bring humanity to per- 
fedtion, ib. not merely defigned for' the 
Schools, but for adtive life, or it would 
ill deferve its noble name, as the higheft 
effort of the mind, 179 ; teaches refpedt 
for the laws, 18 1; has moved the world 
from its foundation, and flopped the re¬ 
volution of the firmament, 182; requires 
a fcience that determines the principles 
and extent of all knowledge d priori, 183; 
confifts of fynthetical pofitions, 250. 
Philofophy of the Human Mind, as ex¬ 
plained by Kant, 119; cannot fail to ex¬ 
cite very general attention, ib. does not 
exift in Stewart’s works, 138 ; a caution 
not to be milled by him, ib. 
Phyfics contemplates Intuitions which fill up 
Time and Space, 130. 
Plato interrogated the Deity as to the nature 
of Knowledge, 151; his innate ideas, 
153; quitted the fenfible world, and ven¬ 
tured beyond it with his Ideas, 184; ufed 
the term Idea to indicate immaterial exift- 
ences, 210; was of opinion that the Soul 
was in immediate intercourfe with imma¬ 
terial beings before the birth of man, ib. 
confidered as the chief of the Intelledtual 
Philofophers, 251. 
Poetry promoted by Philofophy, 177. 
Power, its illegal and irrational ufe, 177. 
Powers, only known by their eftedts, 129. 
Power of Knowledge, as explained by the 
four philofophic fefts, the Materialifs, 
Idea/ijls, Spiritualifts, and Sceptics, 117. 
PraBical Liberty is the independence of the 
will on fenfual tlefires, 226. 
Pradtical Philofophy ranks above all that is 
Theoretical, 171 ; examines the concep¬ 
tions «f Good and Evil, Right and 
Wrong, Duty, &c. 173. 
Pradtical Reafon drives to produce the 
greateft unity amongft our defires, 127 ; 
contrafted with Speculative Reafon, 138; 
commands us to realize the mode 
which reason acts, that is, to be 
perfectly free, 139; founds the Moral 
Law, ib. is Free Will, ib. eftabli/hes the 
belief in God and Immortality, ib. reveals 
the obligatory Moral Laws as divine 
commandments, 149 ; impofes on man 
the necefiicy of progrefiive perfedtion, 
154; its eternal principles, 176. 
Prejudices againft Metaphyfics accounted 
for, 121 ; the vulgar one of independent 
Space, 163. 
PreJ'ent, this word fully explained, 124. 
Principle of Contradidtion, 184. 
Principles of Pur jeUnderstanding. 
1. Axioms of Intuit'on.“^ 4 // Intuitions 
muft have extenfive Quantity, 
2. Anticipation of Apprehenfion.— In all 
Phenomena the Real, which muft be a 
fenftble objeB, has intenftve Quantity , that 
is, a Degree, 
3. Analogies of Experience.— -Experience 
is only pojftble by means of a neceffary con¬ 
nexion of appr ehenfons, 
A. Perdurability of Subftance.— In all the 
changes of the phenomena the fubftance 
remains, and its Quantity in nature is 
neither increafed nor diminijhed. 
B. Determinate Succefiion.— Jill fhanges 
take place according to the law of Caufe 
and EffeB. 
C„ Determinate Co-exiftence.— All fub- 
ftances which have co-exiftence in fpace are 
in thorough aBion and re-aBion. 
4. Poftulates of Experimental Reafoning: 
a. What agrees with the formal conditions 
of experience is pojftble', i. e. may exift. 
b. Whatever coheres with the material condi¬ 
tions of experience is aBual-, i. e. really 
exifts. 
c. Whatever coheres with the univerfal con¬ 
ditions of experience is neceffary-, i. e. its 
contrary is impolfible, 200. 
Principles of Tranfcendental Philofophy, 
162. 
Problem, What can be known by man, or 
what is the nature and extent of human 
knowledge ? 114. 
Problems of Pure Reason; God, Liberty, 
and Immortality, 183. 
Progrefiive and Regreflive Synthefes, 215. 
Prolegomena to all future Metaphyfics, by 
Kant, 154, 
Properties of the things in themfelves can 
never be communicated through the 
fenfes, 190. 
Pfychology is founded upon the Idea of Ab- 
folute Subftance, 1535 explains the ef¬ 
fects of the Soul perceptible in experi¬ 
ence, 173; the reference of reprefentations 
to the thinking fubjedt, 211 j is merely a 
difeipline of Reafon that Jhows the limits of 
cur faculties, 214. 
Ptolemy, his fyftem obfolete, 129. 
Pure Conceptions are the 12 Categories, 
130; are original notions which we form 
of the Adis of the Intelledl, 159. 
Pure Intuitions are Time and Space, which 
are always prefent to the Mind, for they 
conftitute the Senfitive Faculty, 128. 
Pure Rational Phyfics deferve to be treated 
as a diftindt fcience, 186. 
Pure Philofophy diftinguilhed from applied, 
172; the former furnilhes general refults 
without regard to utility, the latter Ihows 
their application, ib. 
Pure Reprefentation contains no Jenfation,\%7, 
Quality and Quantity explained, 130. 
Questions in Tranfcendental Philofophy, 
curious and important: « 
What can be known by man, or what is 
the nature and extent of human know¬ 
ledge ? 114. 
What is meant by the term Underftand- 
ing ? 115. 
Whence does Reafon acquire sit Ideas? 115. 
Wherein confifts the power of knowledge, 
and the eflence of the things that we 
know? 117. 
What can I know? What ought I to do? 
What may I hope? 152, 248. 
What is meant by Philofophizing ? t66. 
What is Philofophy ? 168. 
Why are we obliged to adopt certain po- 
iitions as trite, and others as fatfe ?. 172. 
Rational Phyfics, and Rational Pfychology, 
J 7 Z - 
Rational Will, its nature and laws, 169. 
Reason, 
