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glandular, fringed in their lower part; antherse fhortand 
roundifh, each on a fnort, (lender, white, terminal (talk, 
their white tip or crelt very minute. Germen reddifh, 
with four blunt lobes. It appears to be one of the pret¬ 
tied fhrubs that New South Wales affords, and would be a 
welcome acquifition for the Englifh confervatories. 
Diosma uniflora and D. marginata are included in this 
genus by Dr. Smith, but farther obfervations upon thefe 
New-Holland plants are required before their places in 
the fyftem can be correftly determined. In the mean 
time we have met with a genus from that region fo 
clofely allied to this, that, having reached this country 
fince our fifth volume was printed, we (hall not hefitate 
to defcribe in this place. 
Crow'ea, [fo named in honour of James Crowe, efq. 
F. L. S. of Lakenham, near Norwich, who died Jan. 26, 
1807, aged 56. This gentleman was extremely well 
verfed in the botany of Britain, more efpecially in the 
genus Salix, to which he had paid particular attention, 
having collefted and cultivated all the fpecies he could 
poflibly procure. The fpecific name of the original 
fpecies Crowea faligna, alludes to Mr. Crowe’s merits in 
this department.] A genus of the clafs and order as 
above. We (hall copy only the EJJential Character, 
Calyx of five leaves, cohering by their tapering bafes 
round a (talk which elevates the reft of the flower, accord¬ 
ing to Ventenat; petals five, fefiile; ftamens flat, awl- 
fliaped, connected by entangled hairs; antherae fixed 
longitudinally to the inlide of each filament; ftyle from 
the bafe of the germen ; capfules five, combined; feeds 
enclofed in an arillus. M. Ventenat, who firft detected 
the Angular ftrufture and infertion of the bafe of the 
calyx-leaves, wi(hed to found the generic charafler on 
that circumftance, but the analogy of this natural order 
proves the antherae to afford the inoft effential difference. 
There are two fpecies. 
1. Crowea faligna, or willow-leaved crowea; (Andr. 
Repof. 79. Vent. Jard. de Malmaifon, t. 7.) leaves lanceo¬ 
late, entire; angles of the branches fmooth. This beau¬ 
tiful fhrub is about three feet high, branched; the 
branches angular, leafy, fmooth ; leaves alternate, fefiile, 
lanceolate, entire, tipped with a fmall point, fmooth on 
both Aides, and marked with a longitudinal rib; flowers 
axillary, folitary, on (hort Ample fmooth ftalks, with two 
or three minute brafles. Their colour is a fine pink, and 
the woolly tips of the ftamens form an elegant pale tuft in 
the centre. Native of New South Wales, near Port Jack- 
fon, from whence it was firft fent by John White, M. D. 
It thrives in a greenhoufe, in light peat earth, flowering 
in autumn ; but is rather tender, and will not bear much 
wet. The whole plant is aromatic when bruifed, but lefs 
ftrongly fcented than many of its natural order. It is 
propagated either by feeds or cuttings. 
2. Crowea anguftifolia, or narrow-leaved crowea : leaves 
linear, minutely toothed ; angles of the branches rough. 
More (lender than the laft, and diftinguifhed by the rough 
or denticulated angles of the branches. Leaves very 
narrow, linear, obtufe, moft diftinftly toothed towards 
their extremity, pale-coloured beneath ; flowers about 
half the fize of the foregoing, with the extremities of 
their filaments paler, and lefs woolly; ftyle hairy, about 
as long as the ftamens. Found by Mr. Menzies, near 
King George’s Sound, on the weft coaft of New Holland. 
It is as yet a ftranger to our gardens. Linn. TranJ. vol. iv. 
Rees's Cyclopadia. 
PHILOTH'EUS, a celebrated patriarch of Conftanti- 
nople in the 14th century, was a native of Greece, who 
embraced the religious life in the monaftery at Mount 
Sinai. Afterwards he became abbot of the monks at 
Mount Athos, and before the year 1354 was made arch- 
bifliop of Heraclea. In the following year he w r as com- 
miflioned by the emperor Cantacuzenus to mediate a 
peace between his fon Matthew and his fon-in-law John 
Palseologus. In the fame year, upon the depofition of 
Calliftus from the patriarchate of Conftantinople, lie was 
P H I 
raifed-to that dignity, and laboured zealoufly, but ineffec¬ 
tually, to promote a reconciliation between Cantacuzenus 
and Palaeologus. The latter having Coon made himfelf 
mafter of the imperial city, Philotheus found it neceflary 
to withdraw into concealment, and Calliftus refumed the 
honours of which he had been deprived. Upon the death 
of that prelate, in 1356, the emperor John reftored Philo¬ 
theus to his former dignity, and ever afterwards treated 
him with diftinguiflied favour. He retained the patri¬ 
archal chair till his death, about the year 1371. He was 
author of a great number of works, enumerated by Fabri- 
cius; and he is fpoken of by Cantacuzenus, as a perfon 
who was highly refpefted for the fanftity of his life, and 
for the eloquence with which he was gifted. 
PHYLO rH'YT/E. f. [from the Gr. (piAsai, to love, and 
Queries, a facrifice.] A kind of fuperftitious devotees who 
offered facrifices on every trifling occafion. 
PHILOT'IMY, f. [from the Gr. (pifau, to love, and 
TijMvj, honour.] The love of honour. Scott. 
PHILO'TIS, a fervant maid at Rome, who faved her' 
countrymen from deftruflion. After the fiege of Rome 
by the Gauls, the Fidenates aflembled an army, and 
marched againft the capital, demanding all the wives and 
daughters in the city, as the conditions of peace. This 
extraordinary demand aftonilhed the fenators; and, when 
they refufed to comply, Philotis advifed them to fend all 
their female (laves difguifed in matrons’ clothes, and (he 
offered to march herfelf at the head. Her advice was 
followed ; and, when the Fidenates had fealted late in the 
evening, and were quite intoxicated, and fallen afleep, 
Philotis lighted a torch as a fignal for her countrymen to 
attack the enemy. The whole was fuccefsful, the Fide¬ 
nates were conquered, and the fenate, to reward the fide¬ 
lity of the female (laves, permitted them to appear in the 
drefs of the Roman matrons. Pint, in Rom. 
PHILOX'ENUS, an officer of Alexander the Great, who 
received Cilicia, at the general divifion of the provinces. 
PHILOX'ENUS, a dithyrambic poet of Cythera, who 
enjoyed the favour of Dionyfius tyrant of Sicily for fome 
time, till he offended him by feducing one of his female 
fingers. During his confinement, Philoxenus compofed 
an allegorical poem, called Cyclops, in which he had deli¬ 
neated the character of the tyrant under the name of 
Polyphemus, and reprefented his miftrefs under the name 
of Galataea, and himfelf under that of Ulyfles. The 
tyrant, who was fond of writing poetry, and of being 
applauded, removed Philoxenus from his dungeon ; but 
the poet refufed to purchafe his liberty by faying things 
Unworthy of himfelf, and applauding the wretched verfes 
of Dionyfius; for, when he was afleed his opinion at a 
feaft about fome verfes which Dionyfius had juft repeated, 
and which the courtiers had received with the greateft 
applaufe, Philoxenus gave no anfwer, but called to the 
guards that furrounded the tyrant’s table, to take him 
back to prifon. Dionyfius was pleafed with his pleafan- 
try and with his firmnefs, and immediately forgave him. 
Philoxenus died at Ephefus about 380 years before 
Chrift. 
PHILOX'ENY, f. [from the Gr. <piAo?, a friend, and 
|e»«, hofpitality.] The love or kindnefs which is done to 
ftrangers. Scott. 
PHILOX'ERUS f. [from piTioj, a lover or friend, and 
dry or burnt .up; alluding to its native climate, 
and favourite places of growth. Brown's Prodr. Nov . 
Holl. 1. 416.] In botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, 
order monogynia, naturalorderofholeraceae,i.(/i«. (Ama- 
ranthacene, Brown.) Effential Generic charafler—Calyx 
in five deep (egments; corolla none; ftamens five, com¬ 
bined at the bafe into a fmall entire cup, (horter than the 
germen ; antherae of one cell, ftigmas two ; capfule mem¬ 
branous, fingle-feeded, without valves. 
This genus is next akin to Gomphrena; and, accor¬ 
ding to Mr. Brown, differs from Lithofhila only in the 
number of ftamens, and the equal perianth ; fee thofe ar¬ 
ticles. 
1. Philoxerus 
