P H I 
P H I 
1. Philoxerus conicus; fpikes conical, ternate or foli- 
tary; calyx woolly; leaves linear, revolute ; Item ereft. 
Found by Mr. Brown in the tropical part of New Hol¬ 
land. 
2. Philoxerus diffufus; fpikes /talked, folitary; calyx 
very fmooth; leaves lanceolate, downy on both fides; 
Item proftrate, woolly. 
3. Philoxerus vermiculatus. See Illecebrum vermi- 
culatum, vol. x. p. 84.5. 
PHIL'POT (John), an Englilh divine, was born in 
Hamplhire, and educated in New College, Oxford. He 
became a zealous reformer in the reign of Edward VI. 
and was made archdeacon of Winchefter. At this period 
he was fo inflamed with zeal for orthodoxy, that, having 
been engaged in a difpute with an Arian, he fpat in his 
face, to (how the great deteftation which he entertained 
againft that herefy. He afterwards wrote a treatife to 
juftify this unmannerly expreflion of his zeal, faying that 
he was led to it, to relieve the forrow he had conceived 
from fuch horrid blafphemy, and to fignify how unworthy 
fuch a mifcreant was of being admitted into the fociety 
of any Chriftian. In the reign of Mary, Philpot fell into 
the hands of people as zealous as himfelf, but more pow¬ 
erful ; and, being a Proteftant, was condemned to the 
flames. He fuffered in Smithfield in 1555. Hume's Hif. 
PHIL'POT (Stephen), author of a linart little treatife 
entitled “ An Eflay on the Advantages of a polite Educa¬ 
tion, joined to a learned one,” was originally a Merry 
Andrew affairs, and travelled with a company of his own 
through moll parts of England. About the year 1746 he 
fettled at Petworth, where he kept a dancing-fchool; but 
removed fome years afterwards to Lewes, where he died 
in 1764. He was a niuftcian in the royal band to George 
II. and III. Monthly-Mag. vol. x. 
g^PHIL'TER, or Philtre, f [tp^rpov, Gr. from (pi\tu, 
I love.] Something to caufe love.—A philter that has 
neither drug nor enchantment in it; love if you W'ould 
raife love. Addifon. 
The melting kifs that lips 
The jellied philtre of her lips. Cleaveland. 
Philters are diftinguilhed into true and fpvrious, and 
were given by the Greeks and Romans to excite love. 
The Jpurious are fpeils or charms, fuppofed to have an 
effect beyond the ordinary laws of nature by fome magic 
virtue ; fuch are thofe faid to be given by old women, 
witches, &c. The true philters are thofe fuppofed to work 
their effect by fome natural and magnetical power. 
There are many authors who believe the reality of thefe 
philters, and allege matter of faft in confirmation oftheir 
fentiments: among the reft, Van Helmont, who fays that, 
upon holding a certain herb in his hand for fome time, 
and taking afterwards a little dog by the foot with the 
lame hand, the dog followed him wherever he went, and 
quite defected his former mailer ; which he gravely pre¬ 
tends to account for thus: “ The heat communicated to 
the herb, not coming alone,But animated by the emana¬ 
tions of the natural fpirits, determines the herb towards 
the man, and identifies it to him : having then received 
this ferment, it attracts the fpirit of the other objeft mag¬ 
netically, and gives it an amorous motion.” 
To PHIL'TER, v. a. To charm, to love.—Let not thofe 
that have repudiated the more inviting fins, fiiow them- 
felves philtred and bewitched by this. Gov. of the Tongue. 
PHILTRA'TION. See Filtration. 
PHIL'YCA, f. in botany. See Phylica. 
PHILY'DRUM, J'. [fo named by fir Jofeph Banks and 
Dr. Solander, in allufion to the watery fitnations in which 
it delights; the word being compofed of (ptXea, to love, 
and vo'^p, water.] In botany, a genus of the clafs monan- 
dria, order tnonogynia, natural order feytamineas. Gene¬ 
ric characters.—Calyx : fpathe one-leafed, ovate, acumi¬ 
nate, longer than the corolla; perianthium none. Cor- 
rolla: petals four; two outer larger, ovate; two inner 
Vol. XX. No. 1366. 
205 
fmaller by half, lanceolate. Stamina; filament Angle, 
free, awl-lhaped ; antherae (aliened on both fides to the 
filament above the middle; cells fnbglobular. Piftillum: 
germ fuperior, oblong. Pericarpium: capfule oblong, 
obfoletely three-fided, three-celled, three-valved; parti¬ 
tions contrary. Seeds very numerous, irregularly (haped 
like faw-dult.— Effential Character. Spathe one-flowered; 
perianthium none; corolla four - petalled, irregular; 
capfule three-celled, many-feeded. There are two fpecies. 
1. Philydrum lanuginofum, or woolly philydrum: 
flowers woolly ; lobes of the antherae fpiral. Stem two 
feet high, herbaceous, quite Ample, fpongy, upright, 
round, woolly. Leaves awl-lhaped, thick, woolly, up¬ 
right. Racemes long, upright, terminating. Flowers 
peduncled, golden, fupported by fliort acuminate hirfute 
ipathes; capfule fuperior, woolly, with the valves having 
the partition in the middle. Seeds extremely minute, 
fubcylindric, rugged all about with irregular tubercles, 
of a dulky ferruginous colour, at top blunt, and as it were 
capped; at bottom lengthened out into a membranaceous, 
pale whitilh, deeply concave, umbilicus; they are fallened 
in a horizontal fituation into the central thickened rim 
of the partitions. Native of China and Cochincbina in 
wet places. Loureiro fent it to Europe from the latter 
in the year 1774. It was gathered by fir J. Banks about 
Endeavour river; by Dr. White and Mr. Brown, at Port 
Jackfon, New South Wales, as well as by the laft-men- 
tioned botanift in the tropical part of New Holland. It 
is faid to have been introduced by fir J. Banks into the 
ftoves at ICew, in 1801; but was firft figured from Dr. 
Woodford’s collection, near Vauxhall, in 1804, where it 
flowered in June. 
2. Philydrum pygmaeum, or dwarf philydrum : brakes, 
flowers, and capfules, fmooth; lobes of the antherae 
kidney-lhaped. Difcovered on the fouth coalt of New- 
Holland by Mr. Brown, who, befides the differences 
indicated in the fpecific charafter, found the feeds fmootli 
or even, and deftitute of a termjnal crown. 
PHIL'YRA, in fabulous hiftory. See Phillyra. 
PHIL'YRA, f. in natural hiftory, a name given to the 
fubftance on which fome of the molt ancient books are 
written. It is the inner bark of the Tilia, or common 
lime-tree. In the emperor’s library at Vienna is a work 
of Cicero’s, never yet publifhed, which is written on this 
fubftance. 
PHIMOP'OLIS, in ancient geography, a town of Thrace, 
at the mouth of the Euxine Sea. 
PHIMO'SIS, J'. [from (piyou , to tie up.] A diforder of 
the penis, in which the prepuce is fo drift or tenfe, that 
it cannot be drawn back over the glans. See Pathology, 
vol. xix. p. 131. and the article Surgery. 
PHINE'AS, [Heb. appearance of proteftion.] A man’s 
name. 
Phineas, or, as the Jews pronounce it Pincas, was the 
fon of Eleazar, and grandfon of Aaron. He was the third 
high prieft of the Jews, and difeharged this office from the 
year of the world 2571 till towards the year 2590. He is 
particularly commended in Scripture for the zeal he 
fhowed in vindicating the glory of God, when the 
Midianites had fent their daughters into the camp of 
Ifrael, to tempt the Hebrews to fornication and idolatry'. 
For, Zimri having publicly entered into the tent of a 
Midianitifh woman, Phineas arofe, (Numb. xxv. 7.) took 
a javelin in his hand, entered after Zimri into that infa¬ 
mous place, and ftabbed both man and woman at one 
blow. Upon which the plague or diftemper, with which 
the Lord had already begun to punilh the Ifraelites, ceafed. 
This happened in the year of the world 2553. 
Then the Lord faid to Mofes, “Phineas, the fon of 
Eleazar the high-prieft, has turned away my wrath from 
the children of Ifrael, becaufe he has been zealous in my 
caufe, and has hindered me from deftroying them : where¬ 
fore acquaint him, that I give him my covenant of peace, 
and the priefthood fhall be given to his pofterity by a 
3 Y perpetual 
\ 
