280 
P H O 
P II O 
for Don Ulloa informs us of onekind which is not above 
a yard long. The fmall feals alfo inhabit from the Falk¬ 
land Inlands, round Cape Horn, even as far as New Zea¬ 
land; and are feen farther from Ihore than any other 
kind. They are very fportive, dipping up and down 
like porpoiles, and go on in a progreffive courfe like thofe 
fifh. When they deep, one fin generally appears above 
the water. They perhaps extend as far as the Society 
Ifiands ; at lealt the natives have a name for the feal, which 
they call humi. 
16. Phoca lupina, the urigne feal, or fea-wolf: ears 
none; no claws on the fore feet. In this fpecies the body 
is very thick at the fhoulders, gradually lefl'ening to the 
hind legs. Head like a dog with the ears clofe cut; nofe 
lhort and blunt; fix cutting teeth above, four below. 
The fore foot has four toes inclofed in a membranous 
fheath, fo as to referable fins; the hind feet are hid in 
a continuation of the fkin of the back, and have five toes 
of unequal length, like thofe of the human hand ; tail 
three inches long. The fkin is covered with two forts of 
hairs, one like that of an ox, the other more hard ; the 
colours various ; length from three to eight feet. Thefe 
are the fea-wolves which navigators fpeak of off the ifland 
of Lobos, near the river Plata : they appear in vaft mul¬ 
titudes, meet the fliips, and will even hang by their fides 
with their paws, and feem to ftare at and admire the crew, 
then drop off and return to their haunts : they fwim with 
incredible fwiftnefs. The natives of Chili kill them for 
the fkins, and for the oil. 
17. Phoca carbuta, the fea-tyger: head round, whis¬ 
kered ; clawson the fore feet, the hind ones like the tail 
of a fifii. The eyes are large; the teeth very ftrong. 
Skin briffly and black, with white fpots ; a well-lhaped 
neck; a .voice like that of a dog. This animal, which 
■was nearly nine feet in length, w'as caught in the year 
1810 in a cave on the coaft of Barbary, and died at Turin 
about fix months after. The reflor of the academy pur- 
chafed it to enrich the collection in theMufeum of Natu¬ 
ral Hiftory. 
18. Phoca teftudo, the tortoife-headed feal: head like 
that of a tortoife; neck flenderer than the head or body : 
feet like thofe of the common leak We are indebted to 
Dr. Parfons for the account of this fpecies, who fays it 
is found on the fliores of many parts of Europe. Phil. 
Tranf. vol. xlvii. 
19. Phoca falciala, the ribbcn-feal: body blackiffi, with 
yellow ltripes. This has very fhort fine gloffy briftly hair, 
of an uniform colour, almolt black; marked along the 
tides, and towards the head and tail, with a ftripe of a pale 
yellow colour, e 3 fa<ffly refembling a ribbon laid on 
it by art ; words cannot fufficiently convey the idea: it 
was communicated by Dr. Pallas, who received it from 
one of the remotelt Kurile ifiands. Its fize is unknown ; 
for Dr. Pallas received only the middle part, which had 
been cut out of a very large fkin; fo that no particular de- 
fcription can be given of it. 
20. Phoca laniger, the leporine feal: fur as foft as that 
of a hare; fore teeth in each jaw four. This fpecies is of 
a dirty-white colour; whifkers long and thick, io that the 
animal appears bearded. The head is long; the upper 
lip thick. Nails on the fore and hind feet. Its ufual 
length is fix feet and a half; its greateft circumference 
five feet two. It inhabits the Wiiite Sea during fummer ; 
afcends and defcends the rivers in quell of prey ; is found 
alfo off Iceland, and from Spitzbergen to the Tchut- 
kinofs. 
21. Phoca punftata, the fpeckled feal: body, head, and 
limbs, fpeckled. It inhabits the feas of Kamtfchatka, and 
the Kurile ifiands. 
22. Phoca maculata, the fpotted feal: body fpotted with 
brown. It inhabits the Kurile feas, and is very lcarce. 
It is reprefented on the Plate at fig. 5, 
23. Phoca nigra, the black feal: hind legs peculiarly 
formed. It is found on the coalls of the Kurile feas; 
but the ftrufture of the legs has not been accurately af- 
certained. 
PHOCdE'A, in ancient geography, a maritime town of 
Ionia, in Ana Minor, with two harbours, between Cuuus 
and Smyrna, founded by an Athenian colony. It received 
its name from Phocus, the leader of the colony, or from 
(phuvtx) fea-calves, which are found in great abundance 
in the neighbourhood. The inhabitants were expert- 
mariners, and founded many cities in different parts of 
Europe. They left Ionia, when Cyrus attempted to re¬ 
duce them under his power, and they came after many 
adventures into Gaul, where they founded Majjilia, now 
called Marseilles. Hence the town of Marfeilles is 
often diftinguifhed by the epithet of Phocaica, and its in¬ 
habitants called Phocceenfes. Phocsea was declared inde¬ 
pendent by Pompey; and under the firft emperors of 
Rome it became one of the mod flourifhing cities of Afia 
Minor. 
PHOCA'IS, in ancient geography, a territory of Afia, 
towards the mouth of the Caicus, on the coaft of Mity- 
lene, according to Thucydides. 
PHOCA'RIA, an ifland of the Aigean Sea, upon the 
coaft of Attica. Pliny. 
PHOCAR'IUM IN'SULA, an ifland on the coaft of 
Arabia. Strabo. 
PHO'CAS, Emperor of the Eaft. See the article 
Rome. 
PHOCE'AS, in ancient geography, a town of Sicily, 
in the territory of Leontium. Thucydides. 
PHOCEN'SES, a people of Greece, between AStolia and 
the iflhmus of Corinth.—A people of PhoCcea ; and alfo 
of Italy, in ptruria. 
PHOCILI'DES. See Phocylides. 
PHO'CION, an Athenian commander, one of the mod 
virtuous characters of antiquity, was of an humble des¬ 
cent, but received a liberal education, and imbibed under 
Plato and other philofophers thofe elevated principles of 
conduit which governed his whole life. As he wiflied to 
ferve his country equally in the council and the field, he 
cultivated the talents adapted to both. He was natu¬ 
rally of an extremely grave and fed ate difpoiition, and had 
a feverity of afpeCt that at the firft view was forbidding, 
yet there exifted not a man of more humanity and kind- 
nef’s of heart. His eloquence was of the concife and 
weighty kind, and he ftudied nothing fo much as plain- 
nefs and brevity. Pie had alfo the Spartan turn to apoph¬ 
thegm and keennefs of repartee; and, as his views were 
totally difinterefted, he never failed in the public affem- 
blies to fpeak his mind, however contrary to the inclina¬ 
tions of the people. This unqualified cenfure and oppo- 
fition caufed Demofthenes once to fay to him, “The Athe¬ 
nians will certainly, fome time or other, in a mad fit, put 
thee to death ;” (which really came to pafs.) “ And thee, 
Demofthenes, (he replied,) in a lober fit.” His acknow¬ 
ledged probity, however, caufed the people to bear from 
him what they would have borne from no one elfe; and he 
was defied to the poll of genera! forty-five times with¬ 
out the leaft folicitation on his part, and commonly in 
his abfence. 
The pure patriotifm and integrity of Phocion were 
founded on their only folid balls, contentment with a lit¬ 
tle. Amidii the high-eft honours, his mode of living was 
as fimpleand frugal as that of any common citizen. He 
poffeffed a little farm ; and was r.ot afhamed to draw wa¬ 
ter and perform other domeftic offices with his own hand. 
Antipater was accullomed to fay, that he had two friends 
in Athens, Phocion and Demades, of whom, the firft he 
could not prevail upon to receive any thing, and the fe- 
cond he could never fatisfy. (See Demades, vol. v.) 
The public aCtions and exploits of Phocion are related 
under the article Greece, vol. viii. fee particularly p. 
924, 931, 949. After the Athenians had put him and his 
friends to death, (feep. 951 of the fame article,) the po¬ 
pular indignation even denied his body a funeral in his 
own country, and it was carried by a flave and burnt in 
the territories of Megara. A Megarian matron with her 
maid attended on the obfequies, and, raifing an humble 
monument on the fpot, collected his allies, and depofited 
theiA 
