P H (E 
281 
P H O 
them under her own hearth, thus addreffing her penates : 
“To you, ye gods, guardians of this place, I commit the 
Remains of this good man ; proteft them till they (hall one 
day bereftored to the fepulchreof his anceftors, when the 
Athenians (hall have recovered their fenfes.” This event 
afterwards took place; and his countrymen, repenting 
the wrong they had done him, brought home his allies at 
the public expenfe, eretted a brafs ftatue to his memory, 
and punilhed with death his accufers. Such, B. C. 318, 
was the unmerited end of Phocion the Good, a title which 
perhaps no man in public or in private life ever better de¬ 
served. He may be regarded as a Socrates in the charac¬ 
ter of a ftatefman and a warrior; not lefs a philosopher 
than that fage, in circumftances which render the part of 
a philofopher much more difficult to be maintained. His 
jiatriotiSm might have Shown with more brilliancy had he 
lived at a time when his country was capable of afting a 
higher and more independent part: his virtue and difin- 
tereftednefs could never have been more confpicuous. 
Gen. Biog. 
PHO'CIS, in ancient geography, a country of Greece, 
contained between Bceotia to the eaft, and Locris to the 
weft ; extending once from the Sinus Corinthiacus on the 
South to the Sea of Eubcea on the north, and, according to 
Dionyfius, as far as Thermopylae; but reduced afterwards 
to narrower bounds. Phocenfes, the people; Phocicns, 
the epithet; Bellinn Pliocicum, the Sacred war which the 
Thebans and Philip of Macedon carried on againft them 
for plundering the temple of Delphi ; and by which the 
Phocians were entirely ruined, while Philip paved the way 
to the Sovereignty of all Greece. See that article, vol. 
viii. p. 921-928. 
The greateft length of Phocis was from north to South, 
that is, from 38° 45' to 39 0 20', or about 35 miles; but 
very narrow from eaft to weft, not extending to 30 miles, 
that is, from 23 0 io' to 23 0 40' at the wideft, but about 23 
miles towards the Corinthian Bay, and much narrower 
ftill towards the north. This country is generally al¬ 
lowed to have taken its name from Phocus the Son of 
Ornytion, a native of Corinth; but, having been Soon af¬ 
ter invaded by the Eginetae, under the conduct of ano¬ 
ther Phocus, who was the Son of Eacus king of Enopia, 
the memory of the firft infenfibly gave way to that of the 
Second. 
In Phocis there were many celebrated mountains, Such 
as Cythasrcn, Helicon, and Parnaflus. Thelaft two we 
have already noticed in the order of the alphabet. Cy- 
thaeron was confecrated to the Mufes as well as the other 
two, and was consequently much celebrated by the poets. 
Both it and Helicon contend with mount Parnaflus for 
height and magnitude. There were no remarkable ri¬ 
vers in Phocis, except Cephifus, which runs from the foot 
of Parnaflus northward, and empties itfelf into the Pindus, 
which was near the boundary of that kingdom. It had 
Several very confiderable cities; Such as Cyrra, Crifla, and 
Antecyra, which, according to Ptolemy, were on the fea- 
C 03 fts; and Pythia, Delphi. Daulis, Elatia, Ergofthenia, 
and Baulia, which were inland towns. Elatia was the 
largeft and richeft after Delphi. 
PHO'CLIS, a town of Arachofia, between Axola and 
Aricara. Ptolemy ; - ' 
PHO'CRA, a mountain of Africa, in Mauritania Tin- 
gitana, which, according to Ptolemy, extended from the 
lefler Atlas to the promontory Byfadium. 
PHOCUS'SA, or Phacussa, an ifland of the Aigean 
Sea, and one of the Sporades, according to Pliny and 
Steph. Byz. 
PHOCYL'IDES, a Greek poet and philofopher, born 
at Miletus, flourished about B. C. 540, and was in high 
efteem for the purity of his ftyle and of his Sentiments. 
But the Greek verfes extant at this day under the name of 
Phocylides are falfely attributed to this writer, being ma¬ 
nifestly of a later age, probably that of Adrian or Trajan, 
and apparently by a Christian, Since they contain Some of 
the forged Sibylline verfes. They have been Several times 
Vol. XX. No. 1367. 
printed, Separately, or with others of the minor Greek 
poets. The beft edition is that of J.A. Schier, at Leipftc, 
in 8vo.1751. 
PHCE'BE, [the Moon, Sifter of Phoebus, the Sun.] A 
female Christian name. See Diana. 
PHCEBE'UM, a place of the Peloponnefus, in Laconia, 
in the environs of Sparta. Livy, 
PHCE'BI PROMONTO'RIUM,a promontoryof Africa, 
in the Iberian Sea, between Jagath and Alyba-Colauna. 
Ptolemy, 
PHCE'BIA, a town of Greece, in the Peloponnefus, 
which, according to Paufanias, belonged to the Sicyo- 
nians. 
PHCE'BUS, one of the names given by ancient mytho- 
logifts to the Sun, Sol, or Apollo. See Apollo. 
PHQB'MIUS, in ancient geography, a river of Africa, 
in the eaftern part of Mauritania Csefarienfis. 
PHCENI'CA, a town of Afia, at Some distance north- 
north-weft from Tigranocerta, South of the lake Thof- 
pitis; and befieged and taken by Sapor king of Perfia, as 
Ammianus Marcellinus reports. 
PHG 2 NI'CA, or Phceni'ce, a town of Epirus, iir Cha- 
onia, according to Ptolemy, Livy, and Polybius. 
PHCENI'CE, or Phceni'cia, a country of Afia, com¬ 
monly named by the Jews Canaan, though lome part of 
it, at leaft, was known to them by the name of Syro-Phce- 
nice. The name of Phcenice was Sometimes extended to 
all the maritime countries of Syria and Judaea; and Ca¬ 
naan to the Philistines, and even to the Amalekites. On 
the contrary, thefe two names, and the-reft, were moft 
generally Swallowed up by thofe of Palestine and Syria; 
or rather Phcenice, Palestine, and Syria, were promiicu- 
oufly ufed for each other, and particularly the two for¬ 
mer. Stephanus Byzantinus Says, that Phenice and Pales¬ 
tine are the fame. Syria, in its largeft extent, Sometimes 
comprehended Phcenice and Ccelefyria. The fadt is, that 
the whole coaft of the Mediterranean Sea, from Libanus 
to Rhincorura, or to Mount Cafius, in the vicinity of 
Egypt, before the departure of the Israelites from this 1 alt 
country, was inhabited by people of different origin ; viz. 
the Canaanites, afterwards called Phoenicians, delcended 
from Canaan; and the Philiftines, Sprung from Mizraim. 
Thefe people loft part of their poSTeifions by the conqueft 
of Jofhua, who put the Israelites in pofleffion of the mid¬ 
dle part of this coaft, from Jamnia to Mount Carmel. 
But, when the Israelites were carried into captivity by 
Salmanafar, 721 yeafs B. C. the portion of the country 
which they had occupied returned to its firlt malters, who 
reunited it to their ancient dominion. From this time 
the Phoenicians and Philiftines were So united, that they 
were confidered as the Same people, and the whole coaft 
was known by the name of Phoenicia. Strabo ( 1 . xvi ) 
makes Phoenicia to commence, towards the north, at the 
town of Orthofia to the South-weft of Aradus ; but Pto¬ 
lemy extends it a little farther to the north, and removes 
it to the river Eleutherus, which falls into the Sea north- 
eaft of Aradus, and at a Small diftance from it. The 
greateft part of the coaft of Phoenicia was bounded to the 
eaft by the mountains of Libanus, which are covered with 
Snow during the whole winter; and this Snow has Such a 
refrigerating efteft on the air, that the country towards 
the north is cold ; but to the north and South of thefe 
mountains, the air is very temperate. 
The proper Phoenice, as far as we can learn from the 
ancient geographers, lay between the 34th and 36th de¬ 
grees of north latitude: bounded by Syria on the north 
and the eaft, by Judea on the South, and by the Mediter¬ 
ranean on the weft. Ptolemy, as we have already Said, 
reckons the river Eleutherus the boundary of Phcenice 
to the north ; but Pliny, Mela, and Stephanus, place it in 
the ifland of Aradus, lying north of that river. On the 
coaft of Phcenice, and South of the river Eleutherus, flood 
the following towns : Simyra, Orthofia,Tripolis, Botrys, 
Byblus, Palasbyblus, Beritus, Sidon, Sarepta, Tyrus, Pa- 
laetyrus. Sidon may be properly called the metropolis of 
4 C Phcenice. 
