300 P H R 
and ruled over all Troas, or Phrygia Minor. From him 
the country was called Teucria ; and the inhabitants were 
. denominated Teucri. He was fucceeded by Dardanus, 
who extended the boundaries of his kingdom by confi- 
derable acquiiitions, and built two cities, one called Dar- 
dania, from his own name, and the other Thymbra, from 
Thymbrteus, one of his intimates. Having reigned in 
Phrygia fixty-five years, he was fucceeded by his fon 
Erichthonius, who, after a long, honourable, and profpe- 
rous, reign of forty-fix, as fome lay, or, according to others, 
feventy-live years, left the kingdom of Phrygia in a flou- 
rilhing condition. Tros, the founder of Troy, was his 
fuccelfor, from whom Phrygia Minor borrowed the name 
of Troas, as its metropolis did that of Troy. He was 
fucceeded by his fon Ilus, who drove Tantalus out of 
Afia, and annexed his kingdom to the crown of Phrygia; 
and, having enadied many ufeful laws for the regulation 
of public affairs, he died in the fortieth year of his reign. 
On the death of Ilus, his fon Laomedon was placed on the 
throne; he built the citadel of Troy; but, having treated 
Jafon and the Argonauts, who had landed on the coafts 
of Troy, in an inhofpitable manner, Hercules, who was 
one of them, avenged their caufe by taking Troy, and 
afterwards killing Laomedon. Podarces, his only furvi- 
ving fon, was his fuccelfor. In his reign happened the 
war which terminated in the capture of Troy, which fee; 
the city of Troy being utterly ruined, and molt of the 
inhabitants of Troas put to the fword. Some writers 
fay, that the neighbouring Phrygians and Lydians, pof- 
feffing themfelves of that country, fettled there; and that 
Troas from that time began to be called Phrygia; others 
are of opinion, that ./Eneas, having gathered together 
the fcattered remains of the Trojans, rebuilt the city, 
and that his defendants, and the defendants of Heflor, 
reigned there till the country was fubdued by the Ly¬ 
dians, w'ho became fo powerful as to over-run all Afia 
Minor. If the Trojans had any 'kings of their own 
after their city was deltroyed by the Greeks, they proba¬ 
bly made but an indifferent figure, fince they are not even 
named in hiftory. 
For about 2500 years paft this country has been fub- 
jeft to the Lydians, Perfians, Greeks, Romans, and 
at prefent to the Turks. The Gofpel was very early 
preached in Phrygia, and a church fettled, which for many 
ages made a confiderable appearance ; (Adis xvi. 6. xviii. 
23.) nor is Chriftianity yet quite abolilhed. Brown's 
Diet. Bilie. Ancient Univ. Iiijt. vol. iii. 
PHRY'GIAN, adj. Belonging to Phrygia. Denoting, 
among the ancients, a fp'rightly and animating kind of 
inufic.—In a little time they began to grow riotous, and 
threw (tones: Cornelius then withdrew, but with the 
greateft air of triumph in the world : Brother, faid he, do 
you obferve I have mixed unawares too much of the 
Phrygian; I might change it to the Lydian, and loften 
their riotous tempers : but it is enough : learn from this 
fample to fpeak with veneration of ancient mufic. Arbuth- 
not and Pope's Mart. Scribl. 
Phrygian Stone, in natural hiftory, is the name of a 
ftone deferibed by the ancients, and ufed by them in dye¬ 
ing; perhaps from fome vitriolic or aluminous fait con¬ 
tained in it, which ferved to enliven or fix the colours 
ufed by the dyers. It was light and fpungy, refembling 
a pumice ; and the whiteft and lighted were reckoned the 
beft. Pliny gives an account of the method of preparing 
it for the purpofeof dyeing, which was by moiftening it 
with urine, and then heating it red hot, and differing it 
to.,cool. This calcination was repeated three times, and 
the ftone was then fit for ufe. Diofcorides recommends it 
in medicine after burning; he fays it was drying and 
aftringent. 
PHRY'GIAN, f. An inhabitant of Phrygia, a native 
of Phrygia. 
PHRY'GIANS, Phry'ges, or Phrygas'tes, as St. 
Epiphanius call them, in church-hiftory, were a branch 
of the Montanifts; fo called from Phrygia, where they 
P H R 
abounded. They efteemed Montanus their prophet; and 
looked on Maximilla and Prifcilla as great propheteffes. 
This fpirit of prophecy, or rather enthufiafm, was their 
diftinguifning charader. See Montanists. 
PHRY'GIO (Paul-Conftantine), a learned German 
Lutheran divine in the fixteenth century, was born at 
Schelftadt in Alface, but we are not informed in what 
year. After having been inftruded in the rudiments of 
learning, he was fent to the univerfity of Bafil, where he 
applied with great diligence and fuccefs to the ftudy of 
hiftory, biblical literature, and divinity; and received the 
degree of dodor. When the principles of the Reforma¬ 
tion began to be introduced into that city, he attended 
the ledures of CEcolampadius and Zuinglius, to whofe 
dodirines he became a convert. Being well qualified by 
his abilities and acquirements for the work of the minif- 
try, in the year 1529 he was appointed firft paftor of the 
church of St. Peter. Among other illuftrious charadters 
who entertained a juft fenfe of his merits, and cultivated 
his acquaintance, was Hulderic, duke of Wirtemberg, 
who had been expelled from his dominions, and fought 
an afylum at Bafil. In the year 1534, that prince, having 
been reftored to the- pofieffion of his dukedom, determined 
to reform its ecclefialtical conftitution ; and, in the follow- 
ingyear, he invited Phrygio to aflift in that laudable un¬ 
dertaking. With this invitation our author thought it 
his duty to comply; and, accordingly, removed to Tubin¬ 
gen, where he fpent the remainder of his days in the ex- 
ercife of the paftoral fundlions, and in eminently promo¬ 
ting, by his councils and labours, the interefts of the 
Reformation in Wirtemberg. He died in the year 1543. 
He was the author of 1. Commentarius in Exodem, 1543, 
4to. 2. Explanatio in Leviticum, et in Priorem Epiftolam 
ad Timotheum, 1543, 4to. 3. Commentarius in Mi- 
chaeam, 1538, Bvo, 4. Chrcnicon Regum Regnorumque 
omnium Catalogum, et perpetuam ab Exordio Mundi 
Temporum Saeculorumque Seriem compledens ex opti- 
mis quibufque Hebraeis, Graecis, ex Latinis, Authoribus 
congeftum, &c: Le Long's Biblioth. Sacra, vol. ii. 
PHRY'MA, f. [derivation unknown.] In botany, a 
genus of the clafs didynamia, order gymnofpermia, natu¬ 
ral order of perfonatae, (labiatas, Jujf.) Generic charac¬ 
ters—Calyx,: perianthium one-leafed, cylindric, gibbous 
above at the "bafe, ftiiated, with a two-lipped mouth : 
upper lip narrow, longer; with three awl-fliaped con¬ 
verging teeth; lower lip blunt, bifid. Corolla: one- 
petalled, ringent; tube the length of the calyx 5 upper 
lip lhorter, fubovate, emarginate, ftraight; lower lip 
larger, more fpreading, trifid, the middle fegment more 
produced. Stamina: filaments four, two on each fide, 
the upper ones lhorter. Anthers roundilh, converging, 
in the throat of the corolla. Piftillum: germ oblong; 
Ityle filiform, the length of the ftamens; ftigma blunt. 
Pericarpium none; calyx unchanged, grooved, conver¬ 
ging. Seed fingle, oblong, roundilh, grooved on one fide : 
(ovate, drawn to a point at top, obfcurely five-cornered. 
Gartner.)—Effential Charafter. Seed one. There are 
two fpecies. 
1. Phryma leptoftachya, or llender-fpiked phryma: 
leaves ovate, ferrate, petioled ; calyx one-leafed, five- 
cleft. Stem a foot high, obtufely quadrangular, fmooth- 
ilh, brachiate. Leaves oppofite, acute, fomewhat rugged, 
grofsly ferrate. Spikes terminating, folitary. Flowers 
oppofite, remote; the lower of the fame length with the 
calyx ; the lateral ones ered, Ihort. Flowers horizontal, 
as they fade immediately drooping. Calyx_ cylindrical, 
ftriated, hard; upper lip purple on the outlide; corolla 
white, the form of Dodartia, but fmall. Allied to Verbena. 
The calyx, which is doled, bent down, pyramidal-awl- 
Ihaped, five-grooved and unequally five-toothed, ferves 
for a pericarp: three briftle-fhaped recurved teeth, and 
two others that are membranaceous and ftraight. Seed of a 
brown-bay colour. Native of North America. 
2. Phryma dehifcens, or bleeding phryma: calyxes 
finally opening longitudinally. Stems fuffruticofe at the 
bafe : 
