326 Physio 
produces the kindly intereft that either fex feels in what 
relates to the other, and that it increafes the fufceptibility 
of the other powers. Lading afFeCtion feems to require, 
that the organs of adhefivenefs and others fliould be alfo 
active. It is indicated by the diftance between the maf- 
toid proceffes behind the ears, or by the general tnicknefs 
of the neck from ear to ear. 
2. The Organ of Philoprogenitivenefs. —Philoprogeni- 
tivenefs, or the love of progeny, occupies the part of the 
brain which is fituated juft above that protuberance 
which is felt at the back of the head. It is commonly 
larger in women than men ; larger in the negro than the 
European ; large in monkeys, who are faid by many to be 
much attached to their young; but defective in the 
cuckoo and crocodile, animals which do not rear their 
progeny. It was very fmall alfo in 25 out of 29 women 
who had committed child-murder. It is found remark¬ 
able in men who are fond of playing with children, and 
has lately been aflerted to give commiferatiori for helpleflf- 
nefs in any objeCt ; but it is quite diftinCt from benevo¬ 
lence in a general fenfe. 
3. The Organ of Inhabit ivenefs, or the propenfity which 
fome animals, fuch as the chamois and the wild goat, 
have to inhabit high fituations, is placed (till higher in 
the occiput than the former, in a line proceeding towards 
the top of the head. In animals of the fame fpecies 
which live in low countries, we do not meet with an 
equal degree of protuberance in this part of the brain, as 
is obfervable in thofe which prefer living in elevated and 
mountainous diftriCts. This is feen even in the rat, fome 
varieties of which choofe for their dwelling corn-lofts or 
the higher parts of a houfe, while others prefer living in 
the cellars. This faculty is not very aCtive in man ; but 
Dr. Gall conceived it was in him allied to pride and 
haughtinefs. Dr. Spurzheim, however, difclaims this doc¬ 
trine; as he thinks it impoftible to confound the “ inftinCt 
of phyfical height” with the moral fentiment of felf-love 
and pride. 
The above faCts feem ftrong ones; but, as we learn 
from the Phrenological TranfaCtions, p. 68, “ further ob¬ 
servations fhowed this organ to be large in thofe animals 
and perfons who feemed attached to particular places, and 
who difliked much change of refidence. It was then 
termed the organ of Inliabitivenefs. From more enlarged 
obfervations, it now feems probable that part of its func¬ 
tion is to maintain two or more powers in Simultaneous 
and combined actions, and to determine them towards 
one objeCt ; hence it is now called alfo the organ of Con- 
centrativenefs. This organ is found larger in authors 
and orators, who excel in concentration of thought; and 
alfo in aCtors and fingers, who have the power of exerci- 
fing Several faculties fimultaneoufly, fo as to produce, by 
their combination, one harmonious and united effeCt ; 
and it is probable that it is by the exercife of a fimilar 
power, that animals, fuch as the chamois, who are fond of 
heights, are enabled to maintain in action all thofe faculties 
which are neceffary to preferve their poiition while they 
browfe in difficult or dangerous fituations, and at the 
lame time avoid the aim of the hunter. There appears 
therefore to be nothing in the limited observation of Dr. 
Gall inconfiftent with the more extenfive views now' 
taken of the functions of this faculty. Dr. Gall ftated 
the organ of Inhabitivenefs as conjectural.” 
4. The Organ of Adhefivenefs, or the propenfity to 
attach ourfelves to perfons, animals, or other objects, is 
fituated on each fide of the former, immediately under the 
lambdoidal future, and gives a fulnefs to the lateral and 
pofterior part of the head. This organ is the Source of 
friendfhip, moral love, fociety, marriage, and attachment 
of all kinds. Dogs have it in an eminent degree ; espe¬ 
cially thofe races vvhofe fidelity and conftancy are charac- 
teriltic, as the terrier, Spaniel, and lap-dog. It is lefs 
prominent in the bull-dog, greyhound, and maftiff. It 
was very large in a highwayman, who chofe rather to die 
than to betray his confederates. It is aftonifhing that 
G N O M Y. 
this organ is larger in females than in males, which feeniS 
remarkable if it were really the organ of friendftiip. It is 
faid to produce affectionate feeling of all kinds, as of 
children to animals, and the like. 
5. The Organ of Combativenefs, or the propenfity to fight, 
is fituated immediately behind the ears on each fide, and 
behind the maftoid procefs. Its locality is fully eftablifhed, 
in Dr. Gall’s eftimation, by an extenfive Series of faCts. 
His firft difcovery of the feat of this faculty, was from his 
observation of the head of the Auftrian general Wurmfer; 
and it was fubfequently confirmed by the experiments 
which he made on boys he had collected from the ftreet. 
The breadth of the occiput is a criterion of the Spirit and 
courage of horfes, dogs, &c. The bull-dog and pug-dog 
are in this refpeCt fuperior to the maftiff. The hyaena is 
ftrongly contrafted with the hare; and the guinea-hen 
with the robin red-breaft. It is the organ of anger, as 
well as of pugnacity; and indeed of contention, whether 
by argument or by force. It is faid to be found in thofe 
who have committed murder in an unpremeditated man¬ 
ner. 
6. The Organ of DeftruRivenefs, induces a propenfity to 
deftroy in general, but more especially to deftroy life; 
hence the ftrange pleafure which fome people take in 
killing or tormenting animals, and in feeing executions. 
Among animals, this inftinft for blood is ftrongly marked 
in the carnivorous tribes, efpecially in the lion, tiger, and 
others of the feline tribe; and the breadth of their fkulls 
in this part fhows us the great Size of this organ, compared 
with that of their victims, the fheep, the goat, or the hare. 
The heads of murderers have in general been found to 
poflefs a vifible prominence at this place. This propen¬ 
sity is frequently ftrong in children, in idiots, and in mad¬ 
men. Its objeCt, in the lower animals, is evidently to 
procure the food on which nature deftined they fhould 
live ; yet fome animals kill more than is neceffary for 
their nourifhment. In man this propenfity prefents dif¬ 
ferent degrees of activity, from a mere indifference to the 
pain of animals, to the pleafure of feeing them killed or 
tortured, or even the moft imperious defire to kill. Dr. 
Gall called this faculty murder; but Dr. Spurzheim thinks 
it produces the propenfity to deftroy in general, without 
determining the objeCt to be deftroyed, or the manner of 
deftroying it. “ It gives,” fays he, “ the propenfity to 
pinch, Scratch, bite, cut, break,pierce, devaftate, demolifh, 
ravage, burn, maflacre, ftrangle, butcher, Suffocate, drown, 
kill, poifon, murder, and afl’aflinate.” It has its feat juft 
above the ears. Much objection has been taken to the 
admiffion of this organ, on account of the warranty it 
feems to imply from our Maker to take the life of our 
fellow-creatures; but the phrenologifts obferve, that even 
this is oftentimes neceffary and juft, and that a certain 
degree of this part gives only a proper energy to the cha¬ 
racter. If the premifes of the phrenologifts be true, it 
may (till perhaps be permitted us to furmife, that the love 
of murder is an unnatural or wrong aCtion of the part of 
the brain about the ears ; and the proper function is merely 
refiftance, or, as they fay, Combativenefs. 
7. The Organ of ConJlruRivenefs. — The propenfity to 
build, or the difpofition to the mechanical arts, is indi¬ 
cated by the development of the brain at the temples. 
Dr. Gall found this to be the cafe in great mechanicians, 
architects, fculptors, and defigners ; and alfo in the fkulls 
of the beaver, marmot, field-moufe, and rabbit, which con- 
ftruCt habitations. Hares, on the contrary, which lie in 
the fields, have this organ defective, although in general 
they refemble rabbits. He poflefles the fkull of a milli¬ 
ner of Vienna, who had a good tafle, and underftood per¬ 
fectly the art of changing the forms of her merchandifes ; 
in this fkull the organ in queftion is prominent. It is by 
means of this faculty that birds build nefts, favagesiiuts, 
and kings palaces. It produces alfo fortifications, (hips, 
engines of war, manufactures of all kinds, furniture, 
clothes, toys, &c. There was a lady at Paris, who, every 
time (he was pregnant, felt the greateft propenfity to 
6 build. 
