327 
PHYSIOGNOMY. 
build. This organ has been found large in aftors. When 
joined with a full endowment of the fentiment of the lu¬ 
dicrous, it produces humour. In writing, it leads to the 
ufe of irony. This power is alfo neceflary to fuccefs in 
romances, as it enables the narrator to conceal his ulti¬ 
mate defign underfome cover until he can develop it with 
effefl. 
8. The Organ of Covetivenefs, or Aequifitivenefs. — The 
propenfity to covet, gather, and acquire, without deter¬ 
mining the ohjeft to be acquired, or the manner of ac¬ 
quiring it, has its organ fituated at the temples, on the 
anterior inferior angle of the parietal bone. This faculty 
gives a delire for all that pleafes; money, property, ani¬ 
mals, fervants, land, cattle, or any thing upon earth. 
It produces egotifm and felfilhnefs ; and may, when 
abufed, lead to ufury, plagiarifm, fraud, or theft. The 
inftindl of Healing, it isafferted, is not always the effeft 
of bad education, of poverty, idlenefs, or the want of re¬ 
ligion and moral fentiment. This truth, fays Dr. Spurz- 
heim, is fo generally felt, that every one winks at a little 
theft committed by rich perfons, who in other refpefts 
conduft themfelves well. 
9. The Organ of Secretivenefs, or the propenfity to con¬ 
ceal, or to be clandeftine in general, is fituated in the 
middle of the fide of the head, above the organ of the 
propenfity to deftroy. Dr. Gall firft obferved this organ 
in a perfon who had many debts, but who had the addrefs 
to conceal his real fituation, fo that his creditors could 
have no knowledge of each other. He afcribes to this 
laculty cunning, prudence, the/avoir faire, the capacity 
of finding means neceflary to fucceed, hypocrify, lies, in¬ 
trigues, diflimulation, duplicity, falfehood ; in poets, 
the talent of finding out interefting plots for romances 
and dramatic pieces; and, finally, the quality of flynefs 
in animals, as in the fox and the cat, who conceal their 
intentions, and are clever in hiding themfelves. 
To the fecond genus of the order of feelings, namely, 
Sentiments, belong the following faculties: 
10. Self-Love, or Self-Ffeem. —This organ lies in the 
middle of the upper pofterior point of the head. The 
too great activity of this faculty is the caufe of various 
abufes, as pride, haughtinefs, difdain, contempt, pre- 
iumption, arrogance, and infolence. The want of it 
difpofes to humility. 
11. Love of Approbation. —Perfons fond of the good 
opinion of others, have the upper pofterior and lateral 
part of the head much developed. This may be called 
the organ of ambition or vanity, according to the objefl, 
which may be of various kinds. 
12. Organ of Cautioufnefs.— Perfons remarkable for ir- 
relolution are extremely large on the upper pofterior part 
of both fides of the head. Circumfpedt animals alfo, as 
the flag, roe, pole-cat, otter, and mole, and thofe which 
place ientinels to warn them of approaching danger, as 
the chamois, crane, ftarling, and buftard, have this 
cerebral part much developed. This faculty produces 
precaution, doubts, demurs; and, in general, exclaims 
continually “Take care!” It confiders confequences, 
and produces all the hefitations exprefled by but. When 
exceflive, it produces uncertainty, irrefolution, unquiet- 
nefs, anxiety, fear, melancholy, hypochondriafis, and fui- 
cide. Dr. Gall finds this organ more ftrongly marked in 
children than in grown perfons. 
13. The Organ of Benevolence in man, or of Meehiefs in 
animals, is fituated on the fuperior middle part of the 
forehead. In molt animals it is reftrained to a paflive 
goodnefs ; but, in man, its fphere of activity is very con- 
liderable, producing all the focial virtues, or, in one word, 
Chrijlian Charity. 
14. The Organ of Veneration, or of Theofophy, occupies 
the centre of the uppermoft part of the os frontis. Dr. 
Gall had obferved in churches, that thofe who prayed 
with the greateft fervour were bald ; and that their heads 
were much elevated. The pictures of faints fhow the 
very configuration which he had thus noticed in pious 
men ; and the head of our Saviour, alfo, is generally re- 
prefented of this fhape. It is by this faculty that man 
adores God, or venerates faints, and perfons and things 
deemed facred. 
15. The Organ, of Hope is fituated on the fide of that of 
veneration. Dr. Spurzheim confiders the fentiment of 
hope as proper to man, and as a fentiment neceflary in 
alrnoft every fituation; it gives hope in the prefent as 
well as of a future life; in religion, it is called faith; 
perfons endowed with it in a higher degree are credu¬ 
lous. 
16. Ideality, or the Poetical Difpofition. —The heads of 
great poets are enlarged above the temples in an arched 
diredfion. The fentiment infpired by this organ, is the 
oppofite of circumfpe&ion; it renders us enthufiafts, 
while circumfpeflion flops our career by faying “Take 
care.” If the part of the head above this organ, and a 
little backward from it, be very much developed, the 
perfon is difpofed to have vifions, to fee ghofts, and to 
believe in aftrology, magic, and forcery. Near this organ 
another is fuppofed to exift, to be called the organ of 
Wonder. 
17. The Organ of Righteoufnefs, or Confcientioufnefs .— 
The fentiment of juft and unjuft, right and wrong, 
has its organ fituated a little more forward than the 
organ of approbation. It produces the fentiment of duty, 
and conftitutes what is called confcience, or remorfe. Dr. 
Spurzheim admits farther an organ of Jujlice, which he 
feeks for on the fide of the following organ. 
18. DeterminateneJ's. —Dr. Gall obferved that perfons of 
a firm and conftant character have the top of the brain 
much developed. This faculty contributes to maintain 
the activity of the other faculties by giving conftancy and 
perfeverance. Its too greatadHvity produces infatuation, 
ftubbornnefs, obftinacy, and difobedience. Its deficiency 
engenders ficklenefs and inconftancy. 
To the Order called Intellect, and the firft genus of 
that order, viz. the knowing faculties, belong the following 
fpecies : 
19. Individuality, or the faculty which procures us the 
knowledge of external beings, after we have received im- 
preflions from them by the external fenfes.—This organ 
occupies the middle of the lower part of the forehead ; 
Dr. Gall found this part very prominent, indicating a 
development of the anterior and inferior part of the brain, 
in all perfons, who, from their extenfive but fuperficial 
know ledge in the arts and fciences, were capable of Aiming 
and taking a lead in converfation. Spurzheim remarks, 
that the organ is early developed in children, becaufe they 
are obliged to acquire a knowledge of a multitude of 
faffs. 
20. The Organ of Form leads us to take cognizance of 
the forms of objefts, with the exiftence of which the pre¬ 
ceding faculty had made us acquainted. Perfons endowed 
with it in a high degree, have a great facility of diftin- 
guifhing and recolleffing perfons : they are fond of fee¬ 
ing piffures; and, if they make colleffions, they colleffc 
portraits. Cryftallography is the refult of this faculty. 
The conception of fmoothnefs and roughnefs alfo belongs 
to it. This organ is placed in the internal angle of the 
orbit, and, if much developed, it pulhes the eyeball 
toward the external angle, that is, a little outward and 
downward. The Chinefe appear to have it in perfec¬ 
tion. 
21. Size. —After the exiftence and figure of any body, 
the mind confiders its dimenfions or fize, for there is an 
effential difference between the idea of fize and that of 
form. The organ muft therefore be different 5 it is hcw- 
ever in the neighbourhood of the former. 
22. Weight. —The ideas of weight and refiftance, den- 
fity, foftnefs and hardnefs, cannot be attributed to the fenfe 
of feeling, and require, therefore, a particular faculty for 
their conception. Its organ is fituated in the vicinity of 
the two laft. 
23. Colour. —The faculty of conceiving colour is, in 
like 
