366 PHY 
PHYS'KIUM, J. [(pvtrx.iov, Gr. a little bladder.] In 
botany, a genus of Loureiro’s, found in the waters of 
Cochinchina, which by his character and defcription ap¬ 
pears to be very near the Valifneria o&andra, (Roxb. Co- 
romand. 1.165.) and probably may be the very lame plant. 
PHYS'NOMY, f. The old word for phyjiognomy .— 
Faith, fir, he has an Englifh name; but his phifnomy is 
more hotter in France than there. S/iakelpeare's All's 
Well. 
Yet certes by her face and phyfnomy, 
Whether (he man or woman inly were, 
That could not any creature well defcry. Spenfer. 
PHYSOCE'LE, f. [from the Gr. (pvact, flatus, and 
to a tumour.] In furgery, a fwelling occafioned by 
air. See Emphyfema, under the article Pathology, vol. 
xix. p. 342. 
PHYSOME'TRA, f. [from (pyaot,a, to inflate, and 
pxrfct, the womb.] A tympany of the womb, occafioned 
by air diftending that organ. This is, at all events, a very 
rare difeafe, and the accounts given of it by the older au¬ 
thors have probably originated in miftake. Air, however, 
appears to be occafionally generated in the internal cavi¬ 
ties of the living body, as Mr. John Hunter fuggefted, by 
a fort of Accretion from the blood-veflels. See vol. xix. 
P- 34 - 3 - 
PHYSOSPER'MUM, f. in botany. See Ligusticum 
Cornubienfe, vol. xii. p. 699. 
PHYSSOPH'OR A, f. in natural hiftory, a genus of the 
clafs vermes, order mollufca; i.e. gelatinousworms. Gene¬ 
ric charafters: Body gelatinous, pendent from an aerial ve- 
ficle, with gelatinous fefllle members at the fides, and nu¬ 
merous tentacula beneath, whereby it has the appearance 
of a full-blown flower hanging downwards. There are but 
three fpecies : and thefe, being nearly allied to the Medufas, 
might without much impropriety be removed into that 
genus, dire&ly after which it ftands in the Linnasan 
fyilem. 
1. Phyflophora hydroflatica: oval; with numerous 
lateral three-lobed veficles, open outwardly; middle 
inteftine and four larger tentacula red. It inhabits the 
Mediterranean; is about half an inch long, comprefled, 
and always fwims with the tip of the veficle above the 
water. 
2. Phyflophora rofacea : orbicular, and imbricate with 
oblong horizontal foliaceous membranes affixed to the 
veficle. It is found in the Mediterranean. The body is 
hyaline, an inch in diameter, and refembles a full-blown 
flower bending downwards. 
3. Phyflophora filiformis : lateral members oblong, fili¬ 
form, and pendent. This is found in the Mediterranean. 
The body is very tender, not thicker than a thread, and 
a fpan long, hyaline, with an obtufe ovate head, about the 
fize of a grain of rice. Forjk. Fn. Egypt. Arab. p. 119, 20. 
hi 0 43, 6,^ 7. 
PHYS'TA, f. A name given by Gefner, and fome 
others, to the fiffi called by the Greeks, and many of the 
later authors, lallerus. See Cyfrinus ballerus, vol. v. 
P- 543 -_ 
PHYS'TE, f. in the writings of the ancient phyficians, 
a word ufed to exprefs a mafs of meal macerated in a clofe 
veffel with wine, but not left to ferment. 
PHY'SY, f. The fame with Fusee, which fee.—Some 
watches are made with four wheels, fome have firings 
and phyfies, and others none. Locke. 
PHYTA'LIA, f. A word ufed by the ancients in two 
very different fenfes : with fome expreffing the latter part 
of the winter-feafon; and with others a place where vines 
are planted. 
PHYTENOI'DES, f. in botany. See Scoparia. 
PIIYTE'UMA, f. [derivation uncertain.] Horned 
Rampion ; in botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, 
icrder monogynia, natural order of campanace®, (campa- 
P H Y 
nulaceae, Jujf.) Generic charadlers — Calyx : perian- 
thiuin one-leafed, five-parted, acute, from ereft-fpreading, 
fuperior. Corolla one-petalled, wheel-Ihaped, fpreading, 
five-parted ; fegments linear, acute, recurved. Stamina 1 
filaments five, fhorter than the corolla : anther® oblong. 
Piftillum : germ inferior ; ftyle filiform, the length of the 
corolla, recurved; ftigma bifid or trifid, oblong, revolute. 
Pericarpium : capfule roundiffi, two-celled or three-celled, 
opening on both fides by a lateral hole. Seeds very 
many, final!, roundiffi.— EJfential Charafter. Corolla 
wheel-fhaped, with linear fegments, five-parted. Stigma 
bifid or trifid ; capfule two-celled or three-celled, inferior. 
There are twenty fpecies. The European fpecies have 
the flowers in a clofe terminating head or fpike; thofe 
from the Eaft have them fcattered : in all, there is a little 
bradle to each flower, as in Plantago. 
1. Phyteuma pauciflorum : head fomewhat leafy; 
bra&es ovate, ciliate; all the leaves linear-lanceolate, 
fubcrenate. This is a very fmall perennial plant; the 
flem being only about two or three inches high. In 
habit it refembles Ph. hemifpherica ; but the leaves are 
petioled, ovate-lanceolate, and notched here and there. 
There is probably much variety in this circumftance; 
for Haller fays they are ferrate or bluntly toothed, and 
Villars that they are entire. Flowers in fmall number, 
fupported by floral leaves that are wider than the others, 
cordate and blunt, by which it is alfo diltinguifhed from 
Ph. hemifpherica. Head Angle, thin, having not more 
than twenty large blue flowers; teeth of the calyx the 
length of the germ ; llyle often bifid, capfule two-celled 
or three-celled. Native of the South of Europe. 
2. Phyteuma Scheuchzeri: flowers in a roundhead, 
much exceeded by the long linear fpreading bradles ; 
flem leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, toothed, ftalked, 
rough edged. Native of the alps of Swifferland and 
Savoy. Stem from twelve to eighteen inches high, 
upright, weak, (lender, fmooth, Ample. Leaves from one 
to three inches long, fcattered,narrow, bluntiffi, minutely 
rough at the edges, and befet with glandular dillant 
teeth. Flowers not very numerous, in a perfe&ly round, 
folitary, terminal head. 
3. Phyteumafcorzonerifolium: fpikecylindrical;bra£les 
Jhort, reflexed, flem naked above ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 
toothed, fmooth. Native of the mountains of Dauphiny 
and Italy ; gathered on the hill called la Bocchetta, above 
Genoa, in 1787. Willdenow confiders this as but a 
variety of the former, to which he was perhaps led by an 
affertion of Villars, that it was fent by Allioni as his Ph. 
Scheuchzeri. Here muff have been fome miftake. The 
two fpecies are effentially diftindt in their inflorefcence, 
and all the red of the characters indicated above. The 
fpike in our Genoefe fpecimens is in feed, and meafures 
near two inches in length, though only a quarter of an 
inch in thicknefs. The Item-leaves are moftly feffile, 
quite fmooth at the edges, numerous about the lower 
part of the flem, though wanting in the upper. Their 
teeth are more like ferratures. 
4. Phyteuma Michelii: head roundiffi; braCtes oblong- 
lanceolate ; leaves linear, rigid, almolt entire. Head 
roundiffi, but when out of flower becoming more oblong : 
leaves rigid, linear, with fometimes a tooth or two, efpe- 
cially above. On Mont Cenis, and the mountains of the 
Valais and Tufcany. 
5. Phyteuma hemifphasricum, or grafs-leaved horned 
rampion: head roundifli; bra&es ovate; leaves linear, 
almoft quite entire, fcarcely ffiorter than the Item, 
Refembles the preceding, but differs in having the leaves 
longer, flaccid, and more lanceolate. Haller remarks that 
the ftyle is trifid. Scheuchzer obferved it on the Speluga 
with a white flower. Native of the South of Europe. 
6. Phyteuma comofum, or glaucous horned rampion : 
flowers in a feffile, terminating, bundle; leaves toothed ; 
root-leaves cordate. Root biennial or perennial. Leaves 
wide, blunt, crenate, dark green; the lower ones pe¬ 
tioled. 
