418 PIG 
that Buffon makes it a variety of the European turtle¬ 
dove.—Tourterelle maillee, Vaillant, N° 270. 
79. Columba fmaragdina, the emerald turtle-dove : 
emerald-green fpots under the greater wing-coverts; tail 
very fhort, ^nd rounded. This fpecies is about one-third 
fmaller than the common turtle-dove. The top of the 
head is bluifh-grey, becoming whiter upon the forehead ; 
the throat is white; the neck, breaft, and fternum, are 
of a vinaceous red, growing white on the lower belly 
and under tail-coverts. The back of the neck, the 
mantle, and wings, are vinaceous brown ; the rump is 
grey, croffed with two bars of black; on the intermediate 
tail-feathers are alfo two bars of black on a grey ground ; 
the inner barbs of the wing quills are cinnamon colour. 
The bill is dark brown, the eyes reddifh, the feet vina¬ 
ceous red. The female is lefs than the male; the green 
fpots on her wings are not fo large norfo bright. 
The emerald turtle occurs frequently about the Gamtoo 
Louri, and Van Staade, rivers; as well as near the Little 
and Great Filh rivers ; and throughout the country of 
the Caffres. They neftle in bufhes and among under¬ 
wood, laying two white eggs. The cooing of the male 
is defcribed by Vaillant as extremely tender and affedting ; 
and the fpecies is mild and familiar.—Tourterelle eme- 
raudine, Vaillant , N° 271. 
50. Columba tympaniftria, the drumming turtle-dove : 
This fpecies is named from its cooing, which greatly 
refembles the noife of a tabor, or fmall drum, heard at a 
diftance. It is like the preceding in (hape and fize, but 
its colours are different. The forehead is banded with 
white, which pafTes over and behind the eyes quite to 
the ears. The under parts, from the throat to the under 
tail-coverts, are pure white. The upper furface is of an 
olivaceous brown, nearly indeed fimilar to the preceding, 
having the black bow on the rump, and the red on the 
inner bars of the wing-quills; but the fpots on the wings 
are blueinftead of green. The female is of a dirty-white 
underneath ; in other refpedts they very nearly refemble 
each other. The bill is dark brown, the eyes brown. 
This fpecies, contrary to the preceding, is extremely 
wild and fhy; it inhabits the fame parts as the preceding, 
but prefers the great woods, and builds in trees; they 
lay two white eggs.—Tourterelle tambourette, Vaillant, 
N° 272. 
51. Columba JEgyptiaca, the Egyptian turtle-dove: 
teltaceous flefh-colour; chin fpotted, the feathers black, 
two-lobed, truncate and ferruginous at the tip. Bill 
black; head violet flefh-colour; orbits naked, bluifh; 
back cinereous; breaft violet flefh-colour; belly and 
thighs whitifli; wings brown; two outermoft tail fea¬ 
thers cinereous at the bale, black in the middle, the reft 
white ; two next on each fide cinereous at the bafe, black 
in the middle, cinereous below, and whitifh at the tips; 
the fifth on each fide brown, obfolete-black in the middle ; 
two middle ones wholly brown; legs flefh-colour. Inha¬ 
bits Egypt. Frequents houfes. Tmton's Linn. 
82. Columba Bantamenfis, the Bantam pigeon : orbits 
naked, flefh-colour; neck, breaft, and flanks, waved with 
black and white. The biil is black; the body above 
afh-colour, lighter beneath ; lunate black fpots on the 
back, wings, and breaft. The tail is as long as the body, 
with fourteen feathers, the fix middle ones black, the reft 
white towards the tip; legs red. Inhabits Java. Size of 
the wryneck; about feven inches long. Tnrton's Linn. 
83. Columba Dominicenfis, the St. Domingo turtle¬ 
dove ; body grey; fides of the head and collar beneath 
the nape white; fpot on the crown, band under the eyes, 
and collar on the neck, black. Bill black; wings with 
a few blackifh fpots; breaft vinaceous; front, chin, and 
vent, white; tail grey, the outermoft feathers white; 
legs red. Inhabits St. Domingo; eleven inches long. 
Turton. 
84.. Columba colombar. This is a fpecies of Vaillant’s 
fecond divifion ; and, being the only one he met with, 
he has given it the name of the divifion itfelf • obferving 
E O N. 
that, fhould other fpecies be difcovered, this might with 
propriety be called the Colombar with blue epaulets j 
and fo he has named it on his plate. As he has defcribed 
it as an example of his fecond divifion, or genus, we have 
given it a place; but we believe it, though found in 
Africa, to be identical with our C. phcenicoptera, or 
purple-fhouldered pigeon, vol. iv. p. 819. 
We have noticed fome of the diftindtive marks of this 
divifion ; to which we may add, that the head is gene¬ 
rally larger, and the neck fhorter and thicker, than in 
the pigeons or turtle-doves. They keep moftly in Angle 
pairs, and neftle in the holes of trees; they do not fly fo 
quick, but in their motions, and when perched, have the 
air and port of the jays and rollers. It is about the fize 
of our ftock-pigeon. The male has the head, neck, and 
breaft, of a greenifh-grey, with more or lefs of an olive 
tint according to the play of light on the plumage; the 
fcapulars, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, are olive- 
green with a fliade of yellow. The pinions are of a mild 
violet-colour, melting by degrees into olive-green ; but 
the greater coverts are black with a broad edging of 
white. The lower part of the breaft is jonquil-yellow, 
inclining to white on the belly; but the under tail- 
coverts are of a dark brown-red. The tail is nearly 
even, and of a bluilh-grey above. The legs are partly 
covered with white feathers; the naked parts and the 
feet are reddifh; the bill is red at the bafe, the reft yellow; 
the eyes orange-colour. 
The female is fomewhat lefs 5 and her head, neck, and 
all the under parts, and the mantle, are olive-green 
without any glofs; and in fome other parts of her plu 
mage the colours are not fo lively. The young male re¬ 
fembles the adult female; the young female has none of 
the violet-blue on the pinion whence the fpecies takes 
its name. 
^This fpecies inhabits the country of the Great Nama- 
quois, near the banks of the Filh River, (a different river 
from that on the eaft coaft bearing the fame name.) They 
neftle in the hole of a tree, on a heap of little fticks with 
a layer of mofs, and over that fome dried leaves ; the 
female lays four eggs of a dirty yellow. They live entirely 
upon fruits. Vaillant took four young ones out of a 
neft, which lived as long as he had fruits to give them; 
when thefe failed, he tried them with various kinds of 
feeds, and with minced meat; but they refufed all, and 
peri (bed with hunger.—Colombar k epaulettes violettes, 
Vaillant, N° 276, 7. 
85. Columba gallinacea, the gallinaceous pigeon. This 
is the firft fpecies of Vaillant’s third divifion, which he 
calls Culombi-galline, which therefore bears the name of 
the divifion. Thofe included in this divifion have in 
general the bills and plumage fimilar to the pigeons; but 
their legs are long, and their wings fhort and rounded, 
like the genera of the gallinaceous order; and they carry 
their tail low and pendent, like partridges. They live in 
fmall flocks, confuting moftly of one family, the father, 
mother, and young. They eat feeds, berries, and even 
infedts. They are generally upon the ground, where 
they run nimbly, like partridges and common fowls. 
They fpend the night relting on the thick branches of 
trees. Weufe the word rejling, as it mult be diftinguifhed 
from perching-; tor many fpecies of partridges only reft 
on branches which are broad enough for them to Hand 
on, while it is well known that moft birds perch, :. e. 
grafp a thin flick or branch with their toes. They neftle 
either on the ground or upon rocks, and lay a certain 
number of eggs; and it is pretty certain that the young 
are covered with down when hatched, and that they run 
as foon as they come out of the fhell. Laftly, their flight 
is very heavy and awkward, extremely different from that 
of pigeons properly fo called. 
Thus much in general. The prefent fpecies bears a 
ftriking relemblance to the gallinaceous order in having 
fome parts of the head bare, and red wattles under the 
chin, like our domeltic cock and hen. The body is thick 
and 
