P I L 
1779. 4. The Device ; or. The Deaf Doctor : a farce 5 
1779, not printed. 5. The Deaf Lover; a farce ; 1780. 
6 . The Siege of Gibraltar; mulical farce; 1780. 7. The 
Humours of an Election; a farce; 1780. 8. Thelyph- 
thora ; a farce: 1781, not printed. 9. Aeroftation ; a 
farce; 1784. 10. Barataria; a farce ; 1785. 11. The 
Fair American ; comic opera; 1785. 12. All's Well that 
Ends Well; altered, 1785. 13. He would be a Soldier; 
a comedy; 1786. 14. Ward in Chancery; a comedy, 
left unfinished at his death. Biographia Dramatica. 
PIL'LORY, f. [The etymology of this word has been 
varioufiy afiigned by different writers : Spelman derives 
it from the French pilleur, a thief; Cowel from a 
door; and opaw, I look through; but the etymology of 
Du-Cange is the mod probable, who derives it from pila, 
a pillar.] A frame erefted on a pillar, and made with 
holes, and movable boards, through which the heads and 
iiands of criminals are put.—I have Itood on the pillory 
for the geefe he hath killed. Shahefpeare. —The jeers of a 
theatre, the pillory, and the whipping-poll, are very near 
akin. Watts outlie Mind. 
An opera, like a pillory, may be faid 
To nail our ears down, but expofe our head. Young. 
By the Jlatute of thepillory, 51 Hen. III. it is appointed 
for bakers, foreftallers, and thofe who ufe falfe weights, 
perjury, forgery, See. 3 Inf. 219. Lords of leets are to 
have a pillory and tumbrel!, or it will be the caufe of 
forfeiture of the leet; and a village may be bound by 
prefeription to provide a pillory, &c. 2 Hawh. P. C. 73. 
Within the laft fifty or fixty years, the pillory had been 
the ufual inflidlion in cafes of libel, wherein often it 
turned out to be no punifhment at all; and in cafes of 
attempt at unnatural crimes, in which cafes death fre¬ 
quently enfued from the rage of the mob, or at leaf; 
fuch bodily hurt as was not intended by the law. It 
has therefore been recently abolifhed under fuch cir- 
cumftances; and we believe is now' very feldom ufed 
at all. 
In Paris, the pillory is in the middle of a round tower, 
with openings on every fide. It is movable on an axis, 
or.arbor; round which the executioner gives the criminal 
the number of turns appointed in court; flopping him at 
each opening, to fltow him to the people. It was intended 
for feveral kinds of criminals, particularly for fraudulent 
bankrupts ; in certain cafes, the criminals were obliged to 
take forne turns round the pillory on foot, with a green 
cap on. 
To PIL'LORY, v. a. To punifh with the pillory,— 
To be burnt in the hand or pilloried, is a more Jailing 
reproach than to be fcourged or confin’d. Gov. of the 
Tongue. 
PIL'LOW, f [pulvillus , Lat.] A bag of down or 
feathers laid under the head to fleep on.—A merchant 
died that was very far in debt, his goods and houfehold 
fluff were fet forth to fale ; a ftranger would needs buy a 
pillow there, faying, this pillow fure is good to fleep on, 
fince he could fleep on it that owed fo many debts. 
Bacon. 
One turf (hall ferve as pillow for us both, 
One heart, one bed, two bofoms, and one troth. S/iakefp. 
Thy melted maid. 
Corrupted by thy lover’s gold. 
His letter at thy pillow laid. Donne. 
To PIL'LOW, v. a. To reft any thing on a pillow: 
When the fun in bed, 
Curtain’d with cloudy red. 
Pillows his chin upon an orient wave, 
The flocking fhadows pale 
Troop to the infernal jail. Milton’s Ode Nat. 
PILLOW-BEAR, or Pillow-case,/. The cover of 
a pillow.—In his male he had a pilwelere. Chaucer’s C.T. 
Tt'ol. His wrought night-cap, and lawn pillow-bear. 
VoL. XX. No. 1381. 
P I L 441 
Bp. Hall’s Sal.-— When you put a clean pillow-cafe on 
your lady’s pillow, fallen it well with pins. Swift. 
PIL'NAUD. See Palnaud. 
PIL'NIKAW. a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 
Konigingratz : five miles weft-fouth-weft Trautenau. 
PIL'NITZ, a town of Saxony, in the margravate of 
Meiffen, on the Elbe, with a royal palace ; celebrated for 
a treaty entered into between the princes of Europe 
againft France in 1792 : four miles north-well Pima, and 
feven fouth-eaft Drelden. 
PILOBO'LUS,yi [from theGr. mhos, a cap or cover, and 
( 3 oAo;, a throw or caft.] In botany, a genus of the clafs 
cryptogamia, order fungi. Effential generic charaflers— 
Receptacle ftalk-like, pellucid, bearing a naked veficle, 
which flies off elaftically. There are two fpecies. 
r. Pilobolus cryftallinus: receptacle obovate; veficle he- 
mifpherical, black. Common in autumn on horfe or cow 
dung. In anearly ftateitappears,accordingto the obferva- 
tions of Perfoon, like fome littleyellowifh kind of Sphaeria; 
but it loon becomes an obovate ftalked pellucid whitifli 
body, about half an inch high, full of a clear watery 
liquor, and bearing on its top a black hemifpherical head, 
of Ihort duration, 
2. Pilobolus roridus : receptacle globofe, with a ca¬ 
pillary ftalk; veficle deprefled, black. Found by Bolton, 
on horfe-dung, in fields about Halifax, in Augull and 
September, when the morning is cloudy, as it perilhes 
when the fun (bines upon it. The plants are four lines 
high, growing in cluiters, and diftinguiflied from the 
former by the long (lender ftalk, globofe head, and 
minute deprefled black veficle. Albertini 8f Schweinitz, 
Confpeclus F. 
PILOCAR'PUS,/ [from the Gr. ttiAo;, a hat, or other 
covering of the head, andzaqiTro;, fruit.] In botany, a genus 
of the clafs pentandria, order monogynia, natural order 
ofdumofae, (rhamni, Jujf.) Generic characters—Calyx t 
perianthium inferior, very fmall, five leaved ; leaflets 
ovate, rounded. Corolla : five-petalled ; petals flat, 
fmall, ovate. Stamina: filaments five, inferted under the 
germ, eredl, a little fhorter than the petals ; anthers fmall, 
lubcordate, erefl. Piltillum: germ fuperior, flatted- 
globular, fmooth, having five lines engraved on it at top 
towards the ftyle; ftyle fcarcely any; ftigina fubfeflile, 
acute. Pericarpium : capfule compofed of five grains 
(cocculi), two or three, fometimes four, of which are 
abortive, faftened from the bafe to the middle to an 
angular woody ftiort receptacle, diftindl above. Seeds 
folitary, arilled.— EJfentialCharacter. Calyx five-leaved; 
corolla five-petalled ; filaments inferted below the 
germ; pericarpium with from two to five cocculi, 
united below, elaftic. 
1. Pilocarpus racemofus, a folitary fpecies. It is a low 
fhrub, with round fmooth pendulous branches, covered 
with an afli-coloured bark, and alternate (hort purplilh- 
brown branchlets. Leaves on the latter, approximating, 
alternate, the two laft almoft oppofite, two or three inches 
long, elliptic, very blunt, commonly emarginate, more 
acute at the bafe, quite entire, membranaceous, fmooth, 
veined, very minutely dotted on both fides. Racemes 
from the top of the branches, with a branchlet growing 
out at the farther fide, folitary, a foot long and more. 
Flowers bright purple; petals terminated by a minute 
dagger-point, and having on the upper furface a longi¬ 
tudinal line, a little raifed, fpringing from the tip, forked 
towards the middle of the petal, the divifions divaricating 
and running to the edges of the petal 5 antherse of a 
deep golden colour, and fliining very much. The 
cocculi, or component parts of the capfule, femiorbicular, 
more gibbous at the bafe, convex on the back and fides, 
more acute on the inner margin, the outer fubftance 
fomewhat flefny, the inner coriaceous ; at firft they have 
impreffed dots fcattered over them, but when ripe they 
are grooved longitudinally archwife, and open with a 
fpring at top by the future. Seeds black, and very 
fmooth ; aril membranaceous, cordate, acute, keeled on 
J U the 
