442 P I L 
the outfide, doling the ventral triangular aperture of 
the inner cocculus. Native of the Weft Indies. Found 
by Ryan in the illand of Montferrat. 
PILO'RUS, in ancient geography, a town of Mace¬ 
donia, fituated at the foot of Mount Athos, or rather on 
the Singitic gulf, fouth-weft of Alia. 
PILOSEL'LA, f. in botany. See Arabis, Draba, 
Gnaphalium, Hieragium, Sideritis, and Thlaspi. 
PILOS'ITY, /. [from pilofus, Lat.] Hairinefs.—At 
the years of puberty, all effefts of heat do then come on, 
as pilojity , more roughnefsin the Ikin. Bacon. 
Pl'LOT,/. [pilote, Fr. pilont, Dutch; from pile, old 
Fr. a Ihip.] He whole office is to fteer the ffiip.—The 
Roman fleet, although built by ffiipwrights and con¬ 
duced by pilots without experience, defeated that of the 
Carthaginians. Arbutlinot on Coins. 
When her keel ploughs hell, 
And deck knocks heaven ; then to manage her 
Becomes the name and office of a pilot. B. Jonfon. 
Pilot, however, is the delignation more particularly 
applied by our mariners to the perfon charged with the 
direftion of a (hip’s courfe on or near the fea-coaft, and 
into the roads, bays, rivers, havens, &c. within his re* 
fpeftive diftrift. Such pilots, of courfe, are no conftant 
and Handing officers on-board our veffels; but are moftly 
called in occalionally, on coafts and Ihores unknown to 
the mailer; and, having done their parts in piloting the 
veflel, they return to ffiore, where they relide. The 
regulations, with regard to pilots in the royal navy, are 
as follow : 
“ The commanders of the king's Ihips, in order to give 
all reafonable encouragement to fo ufeful a body of men 
as pilots, and to remove all their objeftions to his ma- 
jefty’s fervice, are ftriftly charged to treat them with 
good ufage, and in equal refpeft with warrant-officers. 
“ The purfer of the ffiip is always to have a fet of bed¬ 
ding provided on-board for the pilots; and the captain 
is to order the boatfwain to fupply them with hammocks, 
and a convenient place to lie in, near their duty, and 
apart from the common men ; which bedding and ham¬ 
mocks are to be returned when the pilots leave the Ihip. 
“ A pilot, when conducing one of his nvajefty’s ffiips 
in pilot-water, (hall have the foie charge and com nand 
of the ffiip, and may give orders for (leering ; fe ting, 
trimming, or furling, the fails; tacking the ihip ; or 
whatever concerns the navigation ; and the captain is to 
take care that all the officers and crew obey his orders. 
But the captain is diligently to obferve the conduct of 
the pilot, and, if he judges him to behave fo ill as to 
bring the (hip into danger, he may remove him from the 
command and charge of the fhip, and take fuch methods 
for her prefervation as fhall be judged neceffary; remark¬ 
ing upon the log-book the exaft hour and time when 
the pilot was removed from his office, and the reafons 
alligned for it. 
“ Captains of the king’s ffiips, employing pilots in fo¬ 
reign parts of his inajelty's dominions, (hall, after per¬ 
formance of the fervice, give a certificate thereof to the 
pilot, which being produced to the proper naval officer, 
he (hall caufe the fame to be immediately paid ; but, if 
there be no naval officer there, the captain of his majefty’s 
ffiip fhall pay him, and fend the proper vouchers, with 
his bill, to the navy-board, in order to be paid as bills 
of exchange. 
“ Captains of his majefty’s fliips, employing foreign 
pilots to carry the (hips they command into or out of 
foreign ports, fhall pay them the rates due by the efta- 
bliftiment or cuftom of the country, before they difcharge 
them ; whole receipts being duly vouched, and lent with 
a certificate of the fervice performed, to the navy-board, 
they (hall caufe them to be paid with the fame exaftnefs 
as they do bills of exchange.” Regulations and In- 
ftruftions of the Sea Service, &c. 
P I L 
Pilots of ffiips, taking upon them to conduft any ffiip 
from Dover, &c. to any place up the river Thames, are 
to be firft examined and proved by the mailer and war¬ 
dens of the Trinity-houfe, &c. or (hall forfeit 10I. for the 
firft offence, 20I. for the fecond, and 40I. for every other 
offence; one moiety to the informer, the other to the 
mailer and wardens; but any mailer or mate of a ffiip 
may pilot his own veflel up the river : and, if any ffiip be 
loft through the negligence of any pilot, he (hall be for 
ever afterwards difabled to aft as a pilot. (3 Geo. I. c. 
13.) The lord wardens of the cinque ports may alfo 
majke rules for the government of pilots, and order a 
fufficient number to ply at fea to conduft ffiips up the 
Thames. (7 Geo. I. c. 21.) 
No perfon (hall aft as a pilot on the Thames, &c. 
(except in collier-ffiips) without licence from the mailer 
and wardens of the Trinity-houfe, at Deptford, on pain 
of forfeiting aol. Pilots are to be fubjeft to the govern¬ 
ment of that corporation, and pay ancient dues not ex¬ 
ceeding is. in the pound out of wages for the ufe of the 
poor thereof. (5 Geo. II. c. 20.) In charter-parties of 
affreightment, the mailer generally covenants to find a 
pilot, and the merchant to pay him : and, in cafe the 
ffiip (hall mifcarry through the infufficiency of the pilot, 
the merchant may charge either the mailer or the pilot; 
and, if he charges the mailer, fuch mailer mull have his 
remedy againft the pilot. Lex Mercator. 70. 
Among the French, pilot is alfo ufed for a fteerfman, 
or an officer on-board a ffiip, who always watches her 
courfe, anddirefts it. There are among the French two 
kinds of pilots; the one a coafting-pilot, well acquainted 
W'ith the coafts, ports, roads, bars, fands, &c. and who 
commands in fight thereof. The other an officer who 
makes obfervations, and takes altitudes out at fea ; ufes 
the quadrant and fore-ftaff; and alfo watches the com- 
pafs. The pilot is always the fecond perfon in the (hip, 
whether it be a man of war or merchant-man. 
By the former laws of France, no perfon could be re¬ 
ceived as pilot till he had made feveral voyages artd 
palled a drift examination ; and after that, on his return 
in long voyages, he was obliged to lodge a copy of his 
journal in the admiralty; and, if a pilot occafioned the 
lofs of a (hip, he had to pay 100 livres fine, and to be for 
ever deprived of the exercife of pilotage; and, if he did 
it defignedly, be puniffied with death. Lex Mercat. 
70, 71. 
The laws of Oleron ordain, That if any pilot defign¬ 
edly mifguide a ffiip, that it may be call away, he (hall be 
put to a rigorous death, and hung in chains; and, if 
the lord of a-place where the ffiip be thus loft abet fuch 
villains in order to have a (hare of the wreck, he (hall be 
apprehended, and all his goods forfeited for the fatisfac- 
tion of the perfons fuffering; and his perfon (hall be fat¬ 
tened to a Hake in the midtt of his own manfion, which 
being fired on the four corners, (hall be burned to the 
ground, and he with it. Leg.. 01 . c. 25. And, if the 
fault of a pilot be fo notorious that the fhip’s crew fee 
an apparent wreck, they may lead him to the hatches, 
and Itrike off his head; but the common law denies this 
halty execution. An ignorant pilot is fentenced to pafs 
thrice under the (hip’s keel by the laws of Denmark. 
Lex Mercat. 70. 
To Pl'LOT, v. a. To fteer ; to direft in the courfe.— 
Where the people are well educated, the art of piloting 
a Hate is belt learned from the writings of Plato. Bp. 
Berkeley's Sins. 
PPLO F TOWN, a town of the (late of Delaware : fix 
miles north-weft Cape Henlopen. 
PI'LOTAGE, /. Pilot’s (kill; knowledge of coafts.— 
We muft for ever abandon the Indies, and lofe all our 
knowledge and pilotage of that part of the world. Ralegh. 
A pilot’s hire. 
PI'LOTING,/. is either common or proper. Common. 
piloting is that art which confifts in coafting along lhore, 
or 
