PIN 
a wide circulation ; and it was afterwards reprinted at 
Leyden, Amfterdam, and other places. Du Pinet was 
alfo the author of, 3. Plans, Draughts, and Defcriptions, 
of feveral Towns and Fortrefles, as well in Europe, Afia, 
and Africa, as in the Indies and America, their Founda¬ 
tions, Antiquities, and Manner of Living, &c.” with maps, 
1564, folio. 4. An ufeful, though not faultlefs, tranfla- 
tion of Pliny’s Natural Hiftory, 1566, in 2 vols. folio, 
frequently reprinted. 5. Tranflations of the third book 
of Letters from Don Antonio de Guevara, together with 
his treatife Concerning the Work and Privileges of Gal- 
lies, 1560, 4to. of the Commentaries of Father Andrew 
Matthioli of Sienna, upon theHiftory of Plants byPedacius 
Diofcorides Anazarbeus, 1566, folio; of The Secret 
Wonders of Nature, by Levinus Lemnius, a phyfician of 
Zericzee, 1567 ; and of The Common Places of the Holy 
Scripture, colleffed by Wolfgang Mufculus, under fixty- 
fix titles, 1577, folio. Boyle. Moreri. 
PINE'TUS, in ancient geography, a town of Spain, on 
the route from Bracara to Afturica, between Ad Aquas 
and Roboretutn, according to Antonine’s Itinerary, 
attributed by Ptolemy to the Callaici. 
PINETZ'KOI, a town of Ruflia, in the government of 
Archangel, on the Dwina : fixty miles fouth-fouth-eaft of 
Archangel. 
PPNEVILLE, a town of America, in South Carolina, 
in St. Stephen’s diftridt, which has a flourilhing academy, 
between twenty and thirty dwelling-houfes, 150 white 
inhabitants, and 300 negroes. In its vicinity is a valuable 
quarry of brown iron-ltone, the only one found in the 
low country of Carolina. 
PI'NEY, a town of France, in the department of the 
Aude: twelve miles north-eaft of Troyes, and thirteen 
fouth-eaft of Arcis fur Aube. 
PIN'FOLD, f. [pinban, Sax. to fhut up.] A place in 
which beafts are confined.—The Irifh never come to thofe 
raths but armed ; which the Englifh nothing fufpedfing, 
are taken at an advantage, like fheep in th opinfolil. Spen- 
for on Ireland ,. 
Oaths were not purpos’d more than law 
To keep the good and juft in awe. 
But to confine the bad and finful, 
Like moral cattle in a pinfold. Hudibras. 
PING, or Pin, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Chen-fi, on the Kincha river: 612 miles fouth-weft of 
Peking. Lat. 35. 5. N. Ion. 107. 40. E. 
PING, or Pin, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Quang-fi : 1112 miles fouth-fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 
23. 13. N. Ion. 108. 16. E. 
PING-CHAN', a town of Corea: thirty-five miles 
foufli of Hoang-tcheou. 
PING-CHAN', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Se-tchuen,on the Kincha river: three miles weft of Mahou. 
PING-CHAN-PO', a fmall ifland, with a town, near 
the fouth coaft of Corea. Lat. 34. 8. N. Ion. 126. 22. E. 
PING-HA'I, a town of Corea : 115 miles fouth-eaft of 
King-ki-tao. Lat. 36. 47. N. Ion. 128. 41. E. 
PING-HOU', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Tche-kiang : fifteen miles fouth-eaft of Kia-hing. 
PING-IN', a town of China, of the third rank, in Chan- 
tong : twenty-five miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Tong-tchang. 
PING-ING', a town of Corea: forty miles fouth of 
Koang-tcheou. 
PING-KIANG', a town of China, of the third rank, 
in Hou-quang; fifty miles fouth-eaft ofYo-tcheou. 
PING-KING', or Ping-yuen, a city of China, of 
the firft rank, in Koei-tcheou : 930 miles fouth-fouth-weft 
of Peking. Lat. 26.38. N. Ion. 106. 56. E. 
PING-LIANG FOU', a city of China, of the firft rank, 
in the province of Chen-fi. It is one of the molt confi- 
derable cities of the weftern part of the province, and is 
fituated on the river Kin-ho. The air here is mild; and 
the agreeable views which the furrounding mountains 
prefent, added to the ftreams which water the country. 
PIN 463 
render it a very delightful refidence. It has under its 
jurifdidtion three cities of the fecond clafs, and feven ot 
the third. In this diftrifl is a valley fo deep and narrow, 
that it is almoft impervious to the light: a large highway, 
paved with fquare ftones, runs through it. It is 550 
miles fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 35. 35. N. Ion. 106.18. E. 
PING-LO', a city of China, of the firft rank, in Quang-fi: 
1000 miles fouth-fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 24. 22. N. 
Ion. 110. 4. E. 
PING-NAN', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Quang-fi: twelve miles north-eaft of Sin-tcheou. 
PING-TCHA'I, a town of Corea: forty miles weft of 
Ou-tchuen. 
PING-TCHANG', a town of Corea: fixty-three miles 
eaft of King-ki-tao. 
PING-TCHOU'EN, a city of China, of the fecond 
rank, in Yun-nan: 1187 miles fouth-fouth-weft of Peking. 
Lat. 25. 47. N. Ion 100.24. E* 
PING-TING', a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Chan-fi: 187 miles fouth-fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 
37. 52. N. Ion. 113. 18. E. 
PING-TOU',or Pin-tou, a city of China, of the fecond 
rank, in Chan-tong: 275 miles fouth-eaft of Peking 
Lat. 36. 48. N. Ion. 119. 56. E. 
PING-Y', a town of China, of the third rank, in Yun¬ 
nan : twenty-five miles eaft of Ku-tfing. 
PING-YANG', a town of China, of the third rank, 
in Kiang-fi : thirty miles fouth-weft of Yuen-tcheou. 
PING-YU'EN, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Koei-tcheou: 985 miles fouth-fouth-weft of Peking. 
Lat. 26. 38. N. Ion. 105.24. E. 
PING-YU'EN, a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Quang-tong: eighty-two miles north-north-weft of 
Tchao-tcheou. 
PIN'GLE, /. Afmallclofe; an inclofure. Ainfworth. 
PINGNAVIR', a town of Africa, in Querimba. Lat. 
11. 55. S. Ion. 41. 10. E. 
PINGRE (Alexander-Guy), a very eminent French 
mathematician and aftronomer, was born at Paris in the 
year 1711. He purfued his ftudies in the college of Sen- 
iis, at that time poffefled by the canons-regular of the 
congregation of France; and in the year 1727 he became 
a member of that congregation. He felt a ftrong bias 
towards the ftudy of the mathematical fciences; but, as 
divinity was the faculty for which he was originally de- 
figned, his ftudies were for a long time principally con¬ 
fined to that department of knowledge. So ably did he 
diftinguifh hirafelf as a theologian, that he was on the 
point of being nominated profelfor, before his admifiion 
to the priefthood ; but in the year 1745, having rendered 
himfelf obnoxious by the part which he took in the 
Janfenift controverfy, he was perfecuted on account of 
his attachment to the opinions of the bilhop of Ypres, 
and condemned to teach the lower claffes, fucceftively 
in the colleges of Senlis, Chartres, and Rouen. While 
he was thus occupied, his paflion for the fciences revived, 
and he devoted himfelf to the ftudy of them with intenfe 
application. In the year 1749, M. Le Cat, a famous lur- 
geon and anatomift at Rouen, who was principally con¬ 
cerned in eftablifhing an Academy of Sciences in that 
city, had him appointed one of the members; and, as 
there was no aftronomer in the academy, Pingre under¬ 
took to fill that department, in which he afterwards 
attained to firft-rate excellence. His firft communication 
to the public was the “Calculation of an Eclipfe of the 
Moon, on the 23d of Dec. 1749.” From this time he 
fuccefsfully purfued his ftudies in this branch of fcience; 
and in May 1753 he was eledted correfpondent of the 
Academy of Sciences at Paris, after having fent them an 
obfervation of the tranfit of Mercury, which he made at 
Rouen, with his fellow-religionift and friend C. Bouin. 
The repute in which he was now held by his order 
occafioned his being fent for to Paris; and he was there 
made librarian of the abbey of St. Genevieve. At this 
abbey he obtained the conftrudtion of an obfervatory, 
2 and 
