475 
P I N U S. 
the feeds of a pine from China fo like thofe of this fort 
as not to be diftinguifhed from them; but, having never 
vegetated, he could not afcertain the fpecies. Sir George 
Staunton relates that the kernels of the (lone-pine are 
much relilhed by the Chinefe. It was cultivated here in 
1570, as appears from Lobel. 
11. Pinus tasda, the frankincenfe pine-tree: leaves 
longer and more (lender ; cones very large, loofe. This 
has very long narrow leaves, growing by threes out of 
each (heath. The cones are as large as thofe of the (lone- 
pine; but they are more pointed, and the fcales are 
loofer; they open horizontally, and difcharge the feeds. 
The French in Canada built a 64-gun (hip entirely with 
the wood of this tree, which is like that of the Scotch 
pine, but has more refiti. It is a native of North America, 
whenceit was fent to Mr. Ball of Exeter, and to Compton 
bi(hop of London, by the name of frankincenfe pine. 
( 3 . P. rigida, the three-leaved Virginian pine-tree : cones 
longer, with more rigid fcales. Leaves long, generally 
three in each (heath. Cones in clutters round the branches, 
as long as thofe of the pinafter, but with rigid fcales : 
the feeds alfo are nearly as large as thofe of the pinafter. 
It grows naturally in Virginia, and other parts of North 
America, where it rifes to a great height. There are 
many of thefe trees in the noble plantations of his grace 
the duke of Bedford at Woburn, which were twenty feet 
high when they were not of many years (landing, and 
kept pace with the other forts in the fame plantation. 
y. P. variabilis, the two and three leaved pine-tree: 
leaves by twos or threes in a (heath. 
P. alopecuroidea, the fox-tail pine-tree: leaves 
fpreading and fquarrofe. 
12. Pinus longifolia, the long-leaved pine-tree: leaves 
three together, very long and (lender, drooping, finely 
ierrated, with long (heaths; ftipules entire, deciduous; 
cones ovate, with prominent angular recurved tninutely- 
fpinous fcales. This tree is a native of the lofty moun¬ 
tains of Nepaul, in the Eaft Indies, where, according to 
Dr. Roxburgh, it grows to the height of a hundred feet, 
bloffoming about the beginning of the hot feafon. It is 
marked as a greenhoufe plant in Hort. Kew. and faid to 
have been introduced by Meflrs. Gray and Wear in 1801. 
Nothing can be more beautiful than the copious tuft of 
(lender pendulous rough-edged leaves, near eighteen 
inches long, as exhibited in Mr. Lambert’s beautiful 
plate. The male flowers are rather capitate than fpiked. 
Cones ovate, four inches long, diftinguifhed by the 
unufually prominent recurved points of their fcales. 
The head of this lofty tree is faid to be round and fmall, 
affording little (hade. 
13. Pinus palultris, the fwamp pine-tree: leaves three 
in a (heath, very long ; cones fubcylindrical, echinated ; 
branches roughened with ramentaceous ftipules. This 
tree grows to the height of twenty-five or thirty feet, 
on the fwamps of North America. The leaves are a foot 
or more in length, growing in tufts at the ends of the 
branches, and therefore having a Angular appearance. 
(See Botany Plate VII. fig. 32.) The wood is of little 
ufe but for fuel. Native of Carolina and Georgia. Cul¬ 
tivated here in 1730. 
14. Pinus cembra, the Siberian done pine-tree : leaves 
five in a (heath 5 cones ovate-blunt; fcales prefl'ed clofe ; 
nuts hard. The Siberian (tone-pine is confounded with 
that of Swiflerland ; but the cones of the latter are (hort 
and roundifh, with dole fcales; whereas thofe of the Si¬ 
berian pine are long, and the fcales loofer. The leaves 
have a near refetnblance; but the plants raifed from 
Swifs feeds make mucli greater progrefs than the others, 
which can fcarcely be kept alive in England. 
The P. cembra grows higher up the Alps than any 
other pine, and is even found at elevations where the 
larch will not grow. The cones are fliorter than thofe 
of the P. pinea, but full as thick. The wood is very 
foft; and, having fcarcely any grain, is very fit for the 
carver. The peafants of the Tyrol, where this tree 
abounds, make various forts of carved works with this 
wood, which they difpofe of in Swiflerland among the 
common people, who are fond of the refinous fmell which 
it exhales. 
The Siberian pine is lofty and ftraight, puftiing out a 
few fide-branches; whereas the Swifs pine is fmall, knotty, 
and often deformed. The wood of the Siberian has no 
fmell, and the cones are different. In the Brian^onnois 
the cembra is called alviez, and in Savoy aroles. But 
Villars remarks that it has different names in almolt 
every village of Dauphine. The kernels are good to eat, 
and yield abundance of oil which fmells a little of tur¬ 
pentine; it is pedtoral and diuretic. Mr. Harte defcribes 
it under the name of aphernoujli-pine: and at Gleddow 
near Leeds it is called the yleddow-pine. There were 
feveral of the trees in the plantations belonging to Jere¬ 
miah Dixon, efq. at that place. Mr. Aiton records it to 
have been cultivated in 1746, by Archibald duke of 
Argyle; and it was probably ra’fed at an earlier period by 
Mr. Peter Collin foil, at Mill-hill, near Hendon, Middlefex; 
for, fo lately as the year 1802, there were fome at that 
place in fine flower and fruit, appearing to be fixty or 
ieventy years old, being then juft arrived at the vigour 
of tkeir growth, and by no means at full maturity. The 
afpebl of the tree is not very handfome. The leaves a're 
of a dull hue, fine and (lender like the Weymouth pine. 
Male flowers copious, capitate ; the antherae and their 
rounded crefts tipped with purple. Cones ovate, thick, 
two inches or more in length, purplilh, with a plum-like 
bloom; their fcales thick, obtufe with a fomewhat corky 
furface. Seeds, which we have never feen perfected in 
England, almoft deftitute ofa wing, obovate, refembling 
thofe of P. pinea, like which they are eatable; but their 
(hell is more eafily broken. This mult have been the Swifs 
variety. 
15. Pinus occidentalis, the Weft-Indian pine-tree: 
leaves five together, rough-edged, very long ; cones ovate, 
telfelated, fliorter than the leaves; their fcales minutely 
fpinous; wing longer than the feed. Native of the moun¬ 
tains of Hifpaniola, according to Dr. Swartz, who never 
faw more than one tree of this fpecies, and a nearly-de- 
(troyed cone. He defcribes it as fifty feet or more in 
height, with upright uneven rugged branches. Leaves 
crowded about the extremities of the branches, five from 
each (heath, a fpan long, linear, awl-lhaped, triangular, 
with finely-ferrated edges. Cones three inches long, de- 
flexed. Plunder's figure agrees with this account, but it 
very diftinbtly (hows the cone to be not, as Swartz fubfe- 
quently fays, imbricated, but telfelated like moftof the firlt- 
defcribed fpecies, each (bale havingan abrupt angular ter¬ 
mination ; whereas in P. ftrobus and P. cembra, the only 
two fpecies befides that have five leaves from one fheath, 
the fcales of the cones are truly imbricated over each 
other. The feeds moreover being, asfaraswecan judge 
from Plunder’s plate, confiderably winged, differ widely 
from thofe of P. cembra; as the whole cone does from that 
of Strobus, to which latter fpecies Burmann, the editor 
of Plunder, mod incautioufly referred his plant. 
16. Pinus ftrobus, the Weymouth pine-tree: leaves 
five in a (heath ; cones cylindrical, longer than the leaf, 
loofe. The Weymouth pine, or white pine as it is called 
in North America, is one of the tailed fpecies, often at¬ 
taining a hundred feet in height in its native country. 
The bark is very fmooth and delicate, efpecially whilft 
the tree is young. The leaves are long and (lender; they 
are pretty clofely placed on the branches, in fives, (fee 
the Botany Plate VII. fig. 25.) and make a fine appear¬ 
ance. The cones are long, (lender, and very loofe, open¬ 
ing with the firft warmth of the fpring; fo that, if the 
feeds are not gathered in winter, the fcales open and let 
them out. The wood is elleemed for mads of (hips, and 
there was a law made in the ninth of queen Anne for the 
prefervation of thefe trees, and to encourage their growth 
in America. It is only within forty years pad that they 
began to be propagated in England in any plenty; though 
7 there 
