P 1 N U S. 
482 
five years before that period that thefe ripened their 
cones, To as to perfect the feeds ; but after that, the feeds 
that fell out of the cones on the ground near them pro¬ 
duced plants in plenty, which came up naturally without 
care. Since, then, we find that the cedar is fo far natu¬ 
ralized to our country as to produce ripe feeds, we need 
not fear a fupply, without depending on the cones from 
the Levant: but they are more apt to produce and ripen 
their cones in hard winters than in mild ones; which is a 
plain'indication that they will fucceed, even in thecoldeft 
parts of Scotland, where, as well as in England, they 
might be propagated to great advantage. 
The cedars at Chelfea are fuppofed, in the Kew Cata¬ 
logue, to have been the firft known to be planted in Eng¬ 
land. Dr. Hunter, in his additions to Evelyn, fays, that 
we do not know when and by whom the cedar was firft 
introduced here. Dr. Turner, when he treats of the 
pine-tree, and other trees of that kind, fays nothing of it. 
Gerard mentions it not as growing here ; and Parkinfon 
fays, the branches, fome fay, all grow upright, but others, 
ftraight out. It is very certain, from what Mr. Evelyn 
fays, that it was not cultivated in England in 1664; bur, 
from the warm manner in which he expreffes himfelf on 
this head, it is probable that it foon after became an ob- 
je6l of the planter’s attention. Mr. Evelyn informs us, 
that he received cones and feeds of the few remaining trees 
on Libanus; and adds, Why they fhould not thriveinold 
England, I know not, fave for want of induftry and trial. 
(Silva, 154.) 
The old palace or manor-houfe at Enfield, was occupied 
by Robert Uvedale, LL. D. who kept a flourifhing fchool 
there about the year 1670. In the gardens, among other 
curious trees planted by Dr. Uvedale, there is a fine 
cedar. The body, exclufive of the boughs, contained, in 
1779, about 293 cubical feet. Girt at top, 3 feet 7 inches; 
fecond girt, 7 feet 9 inches ; third girt, 14 feet; fourth, 
14 feet 6 inches. Height 45 feet 9 inches, eight feet 
having been broken off from its top by the hurricane in 
1703. In 1793, it was 12 feet in girt at three feet from 
the ground; in 1815, the girt, at 18 inches from the 
ground, was 15 feet 8 inches ; and on the 15th of March, 
1821, at the fame height from the ground, the girt was 
16 feet 1 inch. The total length of timber at that time 
was 68 feet 6 inches; perpendicular height, 64 feet 8 
inches; folid content, 548 cubic feet, exclufive of the 
branches. Extent of the branches from north-eaft to 
fouth-weft 87 feet. 
This cedar was deftined to the axe by the late Mr. 
Callaway, after he had purchafed t,he old palace at Enfield ; 
the faw-pit was already prepared, and a trench dug round 
the tree; but fome of the inhabitants of Enfield, the 
admirers of this tree, particularly the late Richard Gough, 
efq. and Dr. Sherwin, interfered; at whofe requeft the 
tree was fpared, and it is now ftanding, the ornament of 
the place. The branches in general fpread horizontally; 
but at the height of about 40 feet, and a little below the 
part where the main trunk was broken oft’, a branch has 
taken nearly a perpendicular direction, and, viewed on the 
fide oppofite to the place where the trunk w-as broken by 
high wind in 1703, appears to be a continuation of the 
body of the tree ; the extremity of this branch is 64 feet 
8 inches from the ground. The dimenfiojis already no¬ 
ticed, were taken by Mr. May, who occupies the only 
part of the old ftrinflure now remaining, as a boarding- 
fchool, in whofe garden the cedar ftands in a flouriftting 
condition. This tree has been erroneoufly ftated to have 
been planted by queen Elizabeth; but it fieems to be 
pretty certain, that Dr. Uvedale planted it at the time he 
occupied the palace as a boarding-fchool, about the year 
1665, which makes this tree 156 years old. The tree 
may be feen from almoft every part of Enfield, udiether 
on the hill or in the valley. The wood does not differ 
in appearance from white deal, nor does it feern harder, 
and has an agreeable fmell. 
Several other cedars of ccnfiderable fize are or were fcat- 
tered about in different parts of thiskingdom: fome of the 
fineft of thefe were planted at Whitton by Archibald duke 
of Argyle. One of the moft remarkable was blown down by 
the hurricane that happened on the firft of January, 1779. 
It gtew on the north fide of Hendon-place in Middlefex. 
Its height was feventyfeet, the diameter of the horizontal 
extent of the branches, was a hundred feet, the circumfe¬ 
rence of the trunk 7 feet above the ground 16 feet; 
and at 12 feet above the ground 21 feet. At this latter 
height it began to branch 5 and its limbs, about ten in 
number, were from fix to twelve feet in circumference. 
This tree is fuppofed to have been two hundred years old ; 
and tradition fays, was planted by queen Elizabeth. 
Tradition is feldom to be depended on, and queen Eliza¬ 
beth is a great favourite with tradition-mongers. But is 
it probable, if fuch a tree exifted in 1579, that Gerard, 
Parkinfon, and Evelyn, fliould know nothing of it ? 
When blown down it was perfe&ly found, and feemed as 
if not grown to maturity; it is probable, therefore, that 
it was not two hundred years old; for the cedars at 
Chelfea attained their full fize and decayed in lefs than a 
century. 
The following are the dimenfions of a fine cedar grow¬ 
ing at Hillingdon, near Uxbridge. The height, 53 feet; 
the extent of the branches from eaft to weft 96, from north 
to fouth 89, feet; the circumference of the trunk clofe to 
the ground 13^ feet, feven feet above the ground i2g, 
and at the height of thirteen feet and a half juft under the 
branches 15 feet 8 inches. It has two principal branches, 
one of which is forked 18 inches above its origin : before 
it divides, it meafures 12 feet round; after its divifion, 
one of the forks meafures 8£ feet, the other 7 feet 10 
inches. The other primary branch, at its origin, meafures 
10 feet, and foon dividing, throws out two fecondary 
ones, each 55 feet. Its age is fuppofed to be 116 years. 
The only relic of Dr. James Sherard’s famous botanic 
garden at Elrhain, fo elegantly difplayed by Dilenius, is a 
cedar of Lebanon, which girts 9 feet at three feet from the 
ground. It is now in the pofiefiion of John Dorington, 
efq. Another of thefe trees is in the fellows’ garden at 
Emanuel-college in Cambridge, on a lawn by the fide of 
the pond. It was planted in the year 1730 by profelfor 
John Martyn, then a member of that college. The 
leading fhoot being killed by the fevere winter of 1740, 
its height is not very confiderable ; in form it is pyrami¬ 
dal, like the fpruce fir, and it branches almoft from the 
bottom. Mortimer, in his Art of Hufbandry, (1708,) 
affirms, that he had raifed fevera! cedars of cones which 
he had from Lebanon, and that he then had a walk planted 
with them. 
III. Firs. Leaves folitary, and diftinff at the bafe. 
21. Pinus picea, the filver fir-tree: leaves folitary, 
flat, emarginate, peftinate; fcales of the cone very 
blunt, prefled clofe. The filver fir is a noble upright 
tree. The branches are not very numerous, but the bark 
is fmooth and delicate. The upper furface of the leaves 
is of a fine ftrong green, (fee Botany Plate IV. fig. 32. 
and Plate VII. fig. 1.) and their under has two white 
lines running lengthvvife on each fide of the midrib, 
giving the leaves a filvery look, from which this fir takes 
its name. The cones are large, and grow erefl; and, 
when w’arm weather comes on, they foon filed their feeds. 
The fcales are wide, deltoid, rounded above, below beaked, 
and appendicled with a membraneous fpatulate dorfal 
ligule,* terminated by a recurved dagger-point. Nuts 
rather large, membranaceous, varioufly angular, dun- 
coloured. Wing covering the whole nut on one fide, 
but half of it only on the other, membranaceous, widening 
upwards, obliquely truncated at top. Albumen gibbous, 
opaque. Embryo with five cotyledons of a yellowifh 
colour. 
Native ofSwiflerland and Germany, Dauphine, Auftria, 
Siberia, Mount Caucafus, &c. Cultivated in 1739, i 11 
the Chelfea garden ; but, as thirty-fix fine trees are 
mentioned by Plot and Ray, as growing near Newport 
in 
7 
