490 
P I O 
Where was the martial brother’s pious care ? 
Condemn’d perhaps fome foreign (hore to tread. Pope. 
Pra&ifed under the appearance of religion.—I (hall never 
gratify fpightfulnefs with any finifter thoughts of all 
whom pious frauds have feduced. King Charles. 
PI'OUSLY, adv. In a pious manner : religioufly; with 
fuch regard as is due to facred things.—The prime ail 
and evidence of the Chriftian hope is, to fet indudrioufly 
and pioujly to the performance of that condition on 
which the promife is made. Hammond. 
Let freedom never periffi in your hands ! 
But pioujly tranfmit it to your children. Addifon's Cato. 
See lion-hearted Richard, with his force, 
Drawn from the north to Jewry’s hallow’d plains; 
Pioujly valiant. Philips. 
PI'OUSNESS, J'. The date of being pious. 
PIP, f. \pippe, Dutch ; pepie, Fr. deduced by Skinner 
from pituita ; but probably coming from pipio or pipilo, 
on account of the complaining cry.] A difeafe among 
poultry, confiding of a white thin fkin, or film, that grows 
tinder the tip of the tongue, and hinders their feeding. 
It ufually arifes from want of water, or from drinking 
puddle-water, or eating filthy meat. It is cured by pul¬ 
ling off the film with the fingers, and rubbing the tongue 
with fait. Hawks are particularly liable to this difeafe, 
efpecially from feeding on (linking flefii. 
When murrain reigns in hogs or (beep, 
And chickens languifli of the pip. Hudibras. 
A fpot on the cards; perhaps from pitt, painting; in 
the country, the piflured or court-yards are called piBs. 
—When our women fill their imaginations with pips and 
counters, I cannot wonder at a new-born child that was 
marked with the five of clubs. Addifon's Guardian .—A 
kernel in an apple. So children call kernels. Mortimer 
fays the pippin is fo called from the fmall fpots or pips on 
the fide of it. See Pippin. 
To PIP, v.a. [pipio, Lat.] To chirp or cry as a bird.— 
It is no unfrequent thing to hear the chick pip, and cry 
in the egg, before the (hell be broken. Boyle. 
PI'PA, f. in botany. See Cratvf.gus bibas. 
PIPARE'A, j. in botany, a name bf Aublet’s, of 
which no explanation is given; but this omiffion is of 
fmall importance, the genus being almoft equally unin¬ 
telligible. (Aubl. Guian. vol. ii. Append. 30. Jnff. 295.] 
Clafs and order unknown. Nat. ord. fuppofed by Juffieu 
to be akin to ciftus, or perhaps to his tilirceae. Effen- 
tial generic chara&ers—Capfule triangular, of one cell, 
and three valves; feeds one, two, or three, clothed with 
cottony down, each inferted into a flefhy white fringed 
receptacle, attached to the middle of each valve. The 
only fpecies is 
Piparea dentata. (Aubl. t. 386.) Gathered by Aublet 
in the forefts of Guiana, bearing fruit in Augull. A 
fmall tree, whole trunk is four or five feet high, and four 
or five inches in diameter, with a reddifii wrinkled rough 
bark. Wood hard, clofe-grained, whitifh. Branches 
lubdivided. Leaves alternate, nearly feffile, ovate, blunt- 
pointed, crenate, firm, feven inches long at the mod, and 
three wide; fmooth and fiiining above; clothed with 
ffiort reddifh down beneath ; their midrib fending off 
numerous tranfverfe veins. Fruit axillary, feffile, either 
folitary or in pairs, with two little fcales at its bale, con¬ 
fiding of a thin brittle red capfule, (potted with green 
about as big as a filberd. The feeds are entirely covered 
with a very fine pure white cottony fubltance. Aublet 
never met with the flowers, nor has any fubfequent tra¬ 
veller given any account of this plant. 
PIPAR'S, a town of Hindoodan, in the circar of Jood- 
pour : twenty miles Couth-wed of Meerta. 
PIPE, /. [Sax. pib, Welfli.] Any long hollow body; 
a tube.—The part of the pipe, which was lowermod, will 
become higher; fo that water afcends by defcending. 
P I o 
Wilkins .—An animal, the nearer it is to its original, the 
more pipes it hath, and, as itadvanceth in age, dill fewer. 
Arbuthnot. 
The veins unfill'd, our blood is cold, and then 
We powt upon the morning, are unapt 
To give or to forgive; but when we’ve duff’d 
Thefe pipes, and thefe conveyances of blood 
With wine and feeding, we have fuppler fouls. Shakejp. 
An indrument of wind-mufic.— I have known when 
there was no mufick with him but the drum and the fife, 
and now had he rather hear the tabor and the pipe. 
ShaheJpcare .—The folemn pipe and dulcimer. Milton's P.L. 
Then the (brill found of a fmall rural pipe, 
Was entertainment for the infant flage. Rofcommon. 
The organs of voice and refpiration ; as, the wind -pipe. 
The exercife of finging openeth the bread and pipes. 
Peacham .—The key or (ound of the voice: 
My throat of war be turn'd, 
Which quired with my drum, into a pipe 
Small as an eunuch. Shakefpeare's Coriol. 
An office of the exchequer.—That office of her majedy’s 
exchequer, w'e, by a metaphor, call the pipe, becaufe the 
whole receipt is finally conveyed into it by the means of 
divers fmall pipes or quills, as water into a cidern. Bacon. 
Pipe, in building, &c. a canal, or conduit, for the con¬ 
veyance of water and other liquids. Pipes are of fuch 
extenfive ufe in building, See. as to render the confidera- 
tion of their materials, and the bed means of forming 
their joints, a matter of importance to architefls and en¬ 
gineers, that they may give dability and durability to 
their work at the leadexpenfe. Water-pipes are made of 
wood, iron, lead, copper, done, or pottery; and each of 
thefe materials, in different fituations, has its preference. 
Wooden Pipes may be procured in all countriesata fmall 
expenfe, are eafily made, and joined together ; but the 
great obje&ion is their want of drength to relid a drong 
prefi'ure without breaking, and their liability to decay. 
For water-works they are ufually made of elm or alder ; 
oak, though far preferable, being too expenfive. They 
are bed made from fmall trees of the proper fize; ami 
then the bark, being left on, is thought to preferve them. 
The paffage is bored out by a long auger, turned round 
by one or two men; whild the tree is fupported in a con¬ 
venient pofition on treffels, and bound fad down upon 
them by ropes, to which weights are attached. In towns' 
where water-works are eflabliflied, the demand for pipes 
is fuch as to render this method too expenfive; and ma¬ 
chines are ufed to bore them, turned by horfes, water, or 
deam-engines. The machine reprefented on the annexed 
Plate, at fig- 1. is put in motion by the wheel A, which 
is moved by a current of water ; upon the axle of this 
wheel is a cog-wheel B, which caufes the lanterns 
C, D, to turn horizontally, whole common axis is confe- 
quently in a perpendicular direction. The lantern D 
turns at the fame time two cog-wheels, E and F ; the 
fird, E, which is vertical, turns the auger which bores 
the wood; and the fecond, F, which is horizontal, caufes 
the carriage bearing the piece to advance by means of 
the arms H, I, which take hold of the notches in the 
wheel, K. The fird, H, by means of the notches, draws 
the wheel towards F; and the other, I, pufhes the under- 
pod of the wheel in an oppofite direction ; both which 
motions tend to draw the carriage towards F, and conle- 
quently caufe the auger to pierce the wood. The auger 
being from nine to twelve feet in length, and of a propor¬ 
tionable bignefs, it will be neceffary to have two pieces, 
as L, L, to fupport its weight, and caufe it to enter the 
piece to be bored with the fame uniformity. 
The lengths of pipes are joined together, by enlarging 
the bore at one end in a conical form, with a fort ot 
auger, and cutting the oppofite end taper, to drive into 
the conical end of the adjacent pipe, which is hooped to 
prevent it from fplitting. This method is a very bad one, 
the 
