404 
P I 
formed, called the bowl, which is for the reception of the 
tobacco when burning, and the fumes are drawn by the 
mouth through the other end of the tube. The making 
of tobacco-pipes forms a confiderable trade in London and 
other great towns; they are of various fafliions, long, 
fhort, plain, worked, white, varnilhed, unvarniftied, and 
of various colours, but the fame procefs is followed for 
all of them. The clay is found in the ifle of Purbeck, 
Dorfet, and is diftinguiffied from others by its perfect 
white colour, and its adhefion to the tongue when baked, 
occafioned by its great affinity for water : even in the 
raw ftate it has this property in a flight degree. The 
clay is prepared by diflolving it in water in large pits; 
and the folution, being well ftirred, is run off into ano¬ 
ther pit, where it depofits the clay, which, when the wa¬ 
ter has become clear and run off, is taken up for ufe, all 
impurities of fmall ftones, fand, &c. being feparated from 
it and left in the firft pit. The clay is now divided into 
portions, each fufficient to form one pipe, which are 
rolled on a table, under'the hand, into long rolls, each 
with a bulb at the end, to form the bowl; and thefe are 
laid by a day or two, to dry fufficiently for the preffing. 
This is done in an iron mould, confiding of two halves, 
which when put together leave a cavity of the ffiape of a 
pipe; a wire is thruft up the roll of clay, to form the 
bore of the pipe, and in this ftate it is placed between 
the two halves of the mould, which are then put into a 
kind of prefs or vice, by the fcrew of which the two 
halves are forced together, and the figure of the pipe im¬ 
printed on the clay included between them. A lever is 
next brought down, which is fo fituated as to introduce 
a ftopper into the bowl of the pipe while ftill in the mould, 
and force it down fufficiently to form the cavity thereof: 
the wire is thruft backwards and forwards, to prick the 
tube completely into the bowl; it is then wholly with¬ 
drawn, the parts of the mould feparated, and the pipe 
taken out, the fuperfluous clay removed with a knife, 
and they are laid up to dry a day or two, after which they 
are fcraped and poliffied with a piece of hard wood, the 
tubes of the pipes curved as they are intended to be, and 
they are then carried to the furnace to bake, which is 
done in feven or eight hours for fifty grofs of pipes. 
The Turks ufe pipes of three or four feet in length, 
made of rufhes, or of wood, bored at the end ; they have 
a bowl or pot of baked earth to contain the tobacco, 
which they feparate from the tube when they leave off 
fmoking. To make the tube tight, fome kinds are made 
of fpiral wire covered with leather. This at the fame time 
leaves them flexible, and the bowlcan ftand on the ground, 
whilft the fmoker inhales its fumes through an ivory or 
filver mouth-piece at the end of the tube. Of this kind 
is the hookah, or houkar, ufed by the luxurious Eaft 
Indians; it is a complete furnace or chafing-difh, with 
grate-bars, affi-pit, &c. and has a tight cover over the top, 
with one of thefe flexible pipes attached to it. An 
officer of the court of a petty eaftern prince is called 
houkar boudar, and is folely employed in managing this 
machine; which having lighted and prepared, he prefents 
the mouth-piece of the tube to his mailer after his dinner. 
In fome inftances, the bowl is kept in an adjacent clofet, 
the pipe being conduced through a hole in the wall. 
Some of thofe which are moil complete have another pe¬ 
culiarity; the fmoke, before it goes into the tube, is 
made to pais under water, by bubbling up through it. 
This is found to give the (moke a mild and agreeable 
flavour, by depriving it of its acrid and pungent tafte; 
and, indeed, it is for the fame end of condenfing thefe 
particles, that the tubes are made of fuch great length. 
We are not informed how the fmoke is made to pafs 
under the water; but have feen a Ample experiment, 
which any one may try, to experience the improvement 
of the fmoke by this procefs. Procure a common decan¬ 
ter or glafs bottle, fill it half full of water, and fit a cork 
to it, which has two holes made through it by burning, 
fufficiently large to admit tightly the tube of a tobacco- 
P E. 
pipe: in one of the holes fit a pipe with a bowl, the tube 
end projecting fo far down into the bottle, that it will be 
an inch below the furface of the water : into the other 
hole, fit a pipe without a bowl, not reaching to the water, 
but fufficiently curved or inclined to come conveniently 
to the mouth. Make all the joints tight by wax, fill the 
bowl of the pipe with tobacco, and light it; then by fuck¬ 
ing air through the mouth-pipe, it will be drawn out of 
the bottle, and rarefy that within ; the atmolpheric air 
then prefles through the burning tobacco in the bowl of 
the pipe, and carries the fmoke down the tube through 
the water, and it rifes in bubbles to the furface of the 
water in the bottle, from whence it can be inhaled through 
the mouth-pipe, by continuing to fuck at it. The 
fmoke is by this procefs cooled, and rendered very agree¬ 
able, by the feparation of certain principles which are of 
a very unpleafant flavour: the exiftence of thefe princi¬ 
ples will be fliown by the water in the bottle becoming 
yellow in a fliort time, and having a very difagreeable 
tafte. This method of fmoking may be ufeful to invalid 
fmokers, who from cough, or inflammation of the lungs, 
are unable to continue a pradlice which, by long habit, 
has become quite an efl’ential comfort to them. 
Pipe, a meafure of wine in England, Spain, and Por¬ 
tugal. The pipe is = ig puncheon = 2 hogiheads = 3 
tierces = 126 gallons = 504. quarts 1008 pints; and 2 
pipes are equal to a tun of wine. The ftandard gauge 
for foreign wines at the cuftom-houfe of London is as 
follows: The pipe of Port is 138 gallons; of Lifbon, 
140; of Madeira, no; of Barcelona, 120; of Vidonia, 
120 ; of ffierry, 130 ; and of mountain, 120. A pipe in 
Spain is 1145 Englifli gallons. 
To PIPE, v. n. To play on the pipe.—Merry Michael 
the Cornifli poet piped thus upon his oaten pipe for merry 
England. Camden's Rem. —We have piped unto you, and 
you have not danced. St. Matth. xi. 17.'—In flinging, as in 
piping, you excel. Dryden. 
Gaming goats, and fleecy flocks, 
And lowing herds, and piping fwains, 
Come dancing to me. Swift. 
To emit a ffirill found; to whiftle.—The winds, piping to 
us in vain. Shakefpeare's Midf. N. Dream. —Rocking 
winds are piping loud. Milton's II Penferofo. 
His big manly voice, 
Turning again toward childifh treble, pipes 
And whittles in his found. Shakefpeare's As you like it » 
To whine or cry : 
Then pond’ring o’er his ’bacco-box, 
He heav’d a heavy figh ; 
And then began to eye his pipe, 
And then to pipe his eye. Ben the Carpenter. 
To PIPE, v. a. To play upon a pipe.—'Pipe, or harp, 
except they give a diftinftion in the founds, how (hall it 
be known what is piped or harped ? 1 Cor. xiv. 7. 
The raven hovers o’er my bier, 
The bittern on a reed I hear 
Pipe my elegy. Cartriylit's Poem on Sadnejs. 
PI'PE-CLAY. See Mineralogy, vol xv. p. 452. 
PI'PE-FISH. See Syngnathus. 
PPPE-TREE, f. The lilac-tree. See Syringa. 
Pudding-PiFE Tree. See Cassia. 
PIPELGONG', a town of Hindooftan in Baglana: 
fourteen miles north-weft of Chandor. 
PIPELGONG', a town of Hindooftan, in circar of 
Aurungabad: thirty-two miles weft of Aurungabad. 
PIP'ELO, a towm of Hindooftan, in the circar of 
Rantampour : thirty-three miles weft-foutii-weft of 
Rantampour. 
PI'PEMAKER’S CREEK, a river of the ftate of 
Georgia, which runs into the Savannah in lat. 32* 8. N. 
Long. 81. 15. W. 
PI'PER,/. One who plays on the pipe.— Pipers and 
trumpeters 
7 
