500 
piper; 
has ten fpecies of Saururus, which he feparates from 
Piper; attributing fix filaments and three piftils to the 
former, and two filaments only with three piftils to the 
latter. 
43. Piper trifolium, or three-leaved pepper: leaves 
in threes, roundiftn Native of South America. 
44. Piper perefkiaefolium : leaves in whorls of three or 
four, elliptic, three-nerved, fmooth; fpike terminating, 
folitary; ftem fpotted. Stems fubherbaceous, almoft 
upright, not rooting, jointed, weak, the thicknefs of a 
quill, when adult leaflefs, round, a foot high and more, 
green or dirty purple; the younger ones fomewhat 
angular. Leaves on (hort petioles red above, dotted on 
both fides, about two inches long. It differs from P. 
verticillatum in being much higher, with acute leaves, 
and a perennial root. Native of Venezuela. 
45. Piper polyftachyon, or many-fpiked pepper: 
leaves in whorls, rhomb-ovate, quite entire, petioled, 
three-nerved, pubefcent. Root perennial, creeping. 
Stems annual, afcending at the bafe, and then upright, 
round, panicled, about the thicknefs of a quill, flelhy, 
fmooth, purple, flexible, a foot high. The whole plant 
has an unpleafant tafte, but fcarcely any fmell. Native 
of the YVeft Indies. Introduced in 1775, by John 
Fothergill, M. D. 
46. Piper quadrifolium, or four-leaved pepper : leaves 
in fours, wedge-form, obovate, emarginate; fubfeflile; 
ftem eredt. Stem half a foot high, herbaceous, fubdivided, 
ft iff', even, thick. Native of South America and Jamaica, 
on very lofty woody mountains. 
47. Piper verticillatum, or whorl-leaved pepper : leaves 
in whorls, four together, elliptic, blunt, three-nerved. 
Herb tender, upright, a finger’s length. Spikes Ample, 
feveral times longer than the leaves. Native of Jamaica. 
•48. Piper ftellatum, or ftarry-leaved pepper : leaves in 
whorls, three, four, or five, together, oblong, acuminate, 
three-nerved. This is an herbaceous plant, a foot high 
and more. Stem round, leafy, pubefcent, fometimes 
ferruginous. Flowers very minute, green. Native of 
mountain woods in Jamaica. 
Dryander believes the P. ftellatum of Swartz to be the 
fame with P. verticillatum, at leaft he can fee no other 
difference than in the length of the fpikes, between 
Browne’s fpecimen of the latter in Linnaeus's Herbarium, 
and a fpecimen from Jamaica, in Sir Jofeph Banks’s 
Herbarium, which Swartz has marked as his P. ftellatum. 
Wildenow, on the other hand, is of opinion, that this 
differs from the preceding, on account of its acuminate 
3 eaves, and the fpikes being three times as long, and much 
thicker. 
49. Piper reflexum, or reflex-leaved pepper: leaves in 
fours, rhombed, flefhy, reflex,and patulous; ftem creeping. 
Roots long, filiform. Sterns filiform, loofe, very long, 
creeping or pendulous. Fruflification as in P. quadrifo¬ 
lium, N° 46. Native of the Eaft Indies, on the trunks of 
old trees. Thunbcrg found it at the Cape of Good Hope; 
Solander and Forfierin the South-Sea Iflands. 
50. Piper pulchellum, or fmall-leaved pepper: leaves 
in fours, (ubleffile, oblong, nervelefs, quite entire; ftem 
round ; fpikes terminating. Native of Jamaica. Found 
there by Thomas Clark, M.D. Introduced in 1778, 
by Mr. William Forfyth. It flowers from July to Sep¬ 
tember. 
51. Piper filiforme r herbaceous; leaves linear, blunt, the 
uppermoft in whorls; ftem £liform, creeping. Roots 
capillary Stem creeping far and wide, four-cornered, 
fmooth, ftriated and fpotted. Native of Jamaica, among 
mofs, at the roots of trees, on the high mountains. Ac¬ 
cording to Willdenow, this is very nearly related to the 
preceding. 
Species from Vahl’s Eclogce. 
52. Piper ovatum: leaves ovate, veined, many-nerved, 
equal at the bafe; berries pedicelled, diftant; branches 
even. Found in the ifland of Trinidad by Ryan. 
53. Piper caudatum: leaves cordate, nine-nerved, 
veined fmooth, attenuated with a deep finus at the bafe. 
Stem fhrubby, round, fmooth, even. Leaves three or 
four inches long, exactly cordate, even, with the veins 
not much branched. Spikes peduncled, oppofite to the 
leaves, about three inches in length, (lender. Flowers 
very much crowded together. It differs from P. reticula- 
tum in having the leaves exaflly cordate, with a deep 
finus at the bafe, and the lobes more diftant. It recedes 
alfo from Plumier’s figure of P. decumanum, in the form 
of the leaves, the thicknefs of the fpikes, and in the flen- 
dernefs of the ftem and branches. Native of Brafil. 
54. Piper rugofum: leaves ovate - oblong, veined, 
fmooth, nearly equal at the bafe, netted underneath; 
branches even; petioles fimple. Branches fmooth, 
ftraight, round at the bottom, angular at top, jointed, 
with the help of a glafs ’having a mealy appearance. 
Leaves alternate, five or fix inches long, (harp at the tip, 
fomewhat wrinkled, efpecially underneath from the pro¬ 
tuberant veins. Spikes oppofite to the leaves, peduncled, 
folitary, half an inch long, probably longer as they ad¬ 
vance in age, round, terminated by a (hort point without 
flowers. Found in Cayenne by Von Rohr. 
55. Piper aequale: leaves elliptic-lanceolate, veined, 
attenuated, equal at the bafe, fmooth ; branches even, 
knee-jointed. Branches round, fmooth ; the joints a 
little broken, an inch and a half long, knobbed. Found 
in the ifland of Montferrat by Ryan. 
56. Piper praemorfum : leaves lanceolate-elliptic, atte¬ 
nuated, fmooth, (horter on one fide at the bafe; fpikes 
recurved at top. Branches round, fmooth, knobbed at 
the joints; (harp, five or fix inches long. Spike oppofite 
to a leaf, peduncled, four or five inches long, fpreading, 
the fize of a fmall packthread, curved back at the tip. 
Flowers crowded together very clofe. It feems to be 
allied to P. nitidum of Swartz. Native of Surinam. 
57. Piper obovatum : leaves in threes, petioled, obo¬ 
vate, emarginate, fmooth, ftem creeping. Branches dif— 
fufed, rooting, fmooth, the fize of a (mall packthread, 
alternate, except that fometimes the lowed are oppofite, 
brown. Leaves petioled, fmall, (harp at the bafe, ob- 
fcurely three-nerved, veinlefs. Spike at the end of the 
branches, folitary, ftraight, three inches long, the fame 
thicknefs with the branches. It differs from P. cordatusn 
of Swartz, and P. retufum of Linnaeus, in having three 
leaves at each joint. It approaches to the figure of P. 
trifoliatum in Plumier; but differs in having emarginate 
leaves, acute at the bafe. Perhaps it is only a variety. 
Found in the ifland of Montferrat by Ryan. 
58. Piper microftachyum : leaves oblong-acuminate, 
equal at the bafe, veined underneath; fpikes very (hort, 
mucronate. Branches dichotomous, round, ftriated above, 
appearing (lightly pubefcent towards the top when mag¬ 
nified, often flexuofe; the internodes two or three inches 
long; the joints knobbed. Leaves three inches long, 
(harp at both ends, even, obfcurely veined. It approaches 
to P. rugofum, but the leaves are fmaller, very fmooth 
and even on the upper lurface, veined indeed underneath, 
but not wrinkled as in that, (harp at the bafe, peduncles 
(horter than the petiole. Found in Cayenne by Von 
Rohr. 
59. Piper grande: leaves ovate-oblong acuminate, 
many-nerved, equal at the bafe. Branches ftriated, 
fmooth, the thicknefs of a quill 5 joints knobbed, inter¬ 
nodes three or four inches long. Leaves alternate, half 
a foot long, fix or feven inches wide; the lower ones op¬ 
pofite, the reft alternate, veined, pale green. Flowers 
very minute. It differs from P. macrophyllum in there 
being no appendicles to the peduncles. Gathered by 
Von Rohr at St. Martha. 
60. Piper fcabrum : leaves broad - ovate acuminate, 
oblique, wrinkled, rugged ; fpikes ereff. This is a (hrub 
five or fix feet high ; upright, round, fomewhat rugged ; 
branches fpreading, round, jointed, rugged. It differs 
from P. aduncum, which it refembles very much, in having 
wider 
