P I T 
558 
academy, a brewery, and a diftillery. It has been lately 
fortified, and a party of troops has been ftationed in it. 
The hills on the Monongahela fide are very high, extend 
down the Ohio, and abound with coals. Before the re¬ 
volution one of thefe coal-hills took fire, and continued 
burning for eight years; when it was effectually extin- 
guifhed by part of the hill giving way and filling up the 
cavity. The fituation, in the midft of hills covered with 
trees is delightful. At the diftance of one hundred miles 
up the Allegany is a fmall creek, which in fome places 
boils or bubbles forth, like the waters of the Hell Gate 
in the Ifate of New York ; from which proceeds an oily 
fubftance, deemed by the people of the country an infal¬ 
lible cure for weaknefs in the ftomach, rheumatic pains, 
fore breads in women, bruifes, &c. The oil is collected 
and brought to Pittfburg for fale. Pittfburg is not only 
the ftaple of commerce for Philadelphia and Baltimore 
with the weftern country, but alfo that of the numerous 
eftablifhments which are formed on the Monongahela 
and Allegany rivers. It is not, perhaps, known to many 
people in Europe, that veffels of a confiderable tonnage 
are built here and on the Ohio. Dr. Michaux, in 1802, 
law on the flocks, a three-mafted Ihip of 250 tons burthen, 
and a galliot of 90, which were nearly finilhed. He in¬ 
forms us, that thefe veffels were to go down to New 
Orleans in the following fpring, with a cargo of the pro¬ 
ductions of the country, and, before reaching the ocean, 
would make a voyage of near 2200 miles. There is not 
a doubt but that, hereafter, veffels will be conftrufted 
two hundred leagues above the mouth of the Miffouri, 
fifty above that of the Illinois river, and alfo in theMif- 
fi.ffippi, two hundred leagues above the place where thefe 
rivers join it: that is to fay, fix hundred and fifty leagues 
from the fea, for in the Ipaces mentioned, their depths 
are as great as that of the Ohio at Pittfburgh, and it 
would be wrong to fuppofe, that, in time, the vaft coun¬ 
tries watered by thefe rivers will not be fufficiently popu¬ 
lous to 'execute fuch enterprifes. The rapid population 
of the three new weftern ftates, in circumftances infinitely 
lefs favourable, warrant this opinion. Thefe ftates, in 
which, thirty years ago, there were fcarcely three thou- 
fand inhabitants, have at prefent more than four hun¬ 
dred thoufand. The Ohio, which varies in breadth 
from two hundred to a thoufand toifes, purfues a very 
winding courfe, and runs into the MiflifTippi at a diftance 
of 1 ico miles from Pittfburgh. Its navigation, which is 
confiderably impeded by a great number of fmall iflands, 
fis practicable, for the firft 425 miles, only in fpring and 
autumn ; when its waters rife to fuch a height, and the 
current acquires fuch a velocity, that veffels of 300 tons 
can defcend with perfect fafety; and boats conftruCted fo 
as to counteract the fwiftnefs of the ftream, are carried 
along without the help of oars. In fummer, on the con¬ 
trary, unlefs abundant rains have fallen among the 
mountains, the rate of the current exceeds not a mile 
and a half in the hour; and the traveller, who wifhes to 
avail himfelf of the facility of water-conveyance, muft en- 
truft his perfon to a light and narrow canoe. In this ve¬ 
hicle, the doftor and another gentleman proceeded from 
Wheeling to Limeftone, in Kentucky, a diftance of 348 
miles, paddling all the way, and fuffering much from heat, 
from their conltrained pofture, and from third; the river 
water requiring to be kept for twenty-four hours, before 
it is fit to drink. Micliaux's Travels to the Wejlward of the 
Allegany Mountains, 1805. 
This place was formerly in the hands of the French, 
and then called Fort Du Quefne, afterwards Fort Pitt, in 
honour of the late lord Chatham. General Braddock, 
advancing at the head of Britifh troops to take it in 1756, 
fell in an ambufcade and was killed. See vol. i. p. 436. 
Lat. 48. 31. 44. N. Ion. 80. 8. W. 
PITT'SBURGH, a townfhip of America, in Frontinac- 
county, Upper Canada, adjoining to Kingfton, and here 
opening weftward to Lake Ontario. 
PITT'SFIELD, a pleafant poft-town of Maffachufetts, 
PIT ' 
in Berkfhire ; fix miles north of Lenox. This townfiiip, 
and alfo thofe north and fouth of it, are fituated in a rich 
vale from one to feven miles wide, on the banks of the 
Houfatonic river. It was incorporated in 1761, and con¬ 
tains 2665 inhabitants.—Alfo, a townfhip of Rocking¬ 
ham county, New Hampfhire; incorporated in 1782, and 
containing 1050 inhabitants.—Alfo, the north-eaftern- 
moft townfhip of Rutland county, Vermont, containing 
338 inhabitants.—A town in Otfego county, New York ; 
twelve miles weft-fouth-weft of Cooperftown. 
PITT'SFORD, a town of America, in Rutland county, 
Vermont : containing 1936 inhabitants. 
PITT'SGROVE, a town of New’ Jerfey : twenty miles 
fouth of Philadelphia. 
PITT'STON, a towm of the province of Maine, on the 
river Kennebeck : feventy miles north-eaft of Portland. 
PITT'STOWN, a poft-town of Hunterdon county, 
New Jerfey : fifty-eight miles north-north-eaft of Phila¬ 
delphia.—A townfhip of Renffelaer county, New York. 
—Alfo, a poft-town in Luzerne county, Pennfylvania, 
containing 694 perfons. 
PITTSYLVA'NIA, a county of Virginia, containing, 
in 1810, 17,172 inhabitants, of whom 6312 were flaves. 
At the court-houfe is a poft-office: 300 miles fropi Wafn- 
ington. 
PITTSYLVA'NIA, a town of Virginia: no miles 
fouth-weft of Richmond. 
PIT'TY, the moft wefterly of the mouths of the river 
Indus, which feparates it from the Darraway fifty miles 
below Tatta, and runs into the fea in lat. 24. 42. N. Ion. 
66. 22. E. 
PITU'ITARY, adj. Conducing phlegm.—When a 
body emits no effluvia, or when they do not enter into the 
nofe, or when the pituitary membrane or olfactory nerves 
are rendered unfit to perform their office, it cannot be 
fmelled. Reid's Inquiry. 
PITUl'TE, J\ [Fr. piluita, Lat.] Phlegm.—Serious 
defluxions and redundant pituite were the product of the 
winter, which made women fubjeft to abortions. Ar- 
huthnot. 
PITU'ITOUS, adj. Confifting of phlegm.—The fore¬ 
runners of an apoplexy are weaknefs, watrinefs and tur- 
gidity of the eyes, pituitous vomiting, and laborious 
breathing. Arbuthnot on Diet. —The lungs are formed, 
not only to admit, by turns, the vital air by infpiration, 
and excluding it by refpiration; but likewife to feparate 
and difcharge the redundant pituitous or flegmatic parts 
of the blood. Blackmore. 
PITU'ITOUSNESS,/. The ftate of being pituitous. 
PI'TUM HO'TUN, a town of Chinefe Tartary: 438 
miles eaft of Pekin. Lat. 40. 18. N. Ion. 125. 21. E. 
PIT'Y, f. [pitie, Fr.] Compaffion; fympathy with 
mifery; tendernefs for pain or uneafinefs.—Left the poor 
fhould feem to be wholly difregarded by their Maker, he 
hath implanted in men a quick and tender fenfe of pity 
and compafiion. Calamy's Sci'm. 
The mournful train 
With groans and hands upheld, to move his mind, 
Befought his pity to their helplefs kind. Dryden. 
A ground of pity; a fubjeft of pity, or of grief.—That 
he is old, the more is the pity, his white hairs do witnefs 
it. ShaheJpeare’s Hen. IV.—Julius Caefar writ a colle&ion 
of apophthegms; it is pity his book is loft. Bacon . 
Who would not be that youth ? what pity ’tis 
That we can die but once to ferve our country. Addifon. 
It has in this fenfe a plural, but in low language.—Sin- 
glenefs of heart being a virtue fo neceffary, ’tis a thoufand 
pities it fhould be dilcountenanced. L'EJlrange. 
To PIT'Y, v. a. To compaffionate mifery; to regard 
with tendernefs on account of unhappinefs.— Pity weak¬ 
nefs and ignorance, bear with the dulnefs of underftand- 
ings, or perverfenefs of tempers. Law. —The man is to be 
pitied,v/ho, in matters of moment, has to do with a (launch 
metaphyfician; 
