P I T 
roetaphyfician ; doubts, difputes, and conjedtures, will be 
the plague of his life. Beattie. 
Compafiionate my pains ! the pities me ! 
To one that alks the warm return of love, 
Companion’s cruelty, ’tis fcorn, ’tis death. Acldifon. 
To PITY, v. n, To be compaffionate.—I will not pity, 
nor fpare, nor have mercy, but deltroy them. Jer. xiii. 14. 
PITY'CIA, in ancient geography, an ifland of the 
Adriatic fea, on the coaft of Liburnia. 
PITY'DES, f. A name ufed by fome authors for the 
kernels inclofed in the cones of the fir or pitch-tree: they 
are recommended by the old pbyficians in diforders of 
the bread. 
PITYLIS'MA, /. One of the exercifes deferibed by 
the ancient phyficians, as of great fervice in chronic cafes. 
It confided of a perfon’s walking on tip-toe, and dretch¬ 
ing his hands as high above his head as he could, keeping 
the whole body alfo as much upon the dretch as might be. 
In this condition the patient was to walk as far as lie was 
well able, all the while moving about both hands as much 
as he could, in all directions. 
PITYNE'RA METROP'OLIS, in ancient geography, 
the ancient Golconda, on the right bank of the river 
Nerva; a town of India, in the interior of the peninfula 
on this fide of the Ganges, according to Ptolemy, who 
makes it the capital of the people called Mefolcs. On the 
map of M. d’Anville, it is placed on a river which runs 
towards the fouth-wed into theMefolus. 
PITYONE'SUS, an ifland on the coad of the Pelopon- 
r.efus, fix miles from the continent, over-againd Epi- 
daurus. 
PITYRI'ASIS, /. [from mrvgov, Gr. bran.] A flight 
fcaly orfeurfy affedlion of the fkin, appearing in irregular 
patches, fometimes wdth, and fometimes without, flight 
rednefs or inflammation, upon which fmall thin feales 
repeatedly form and feparate. See Lepidojis pityriafis, 
under the article Pathology, vol.xix. p. 353. 
PITYRO'DIA, f. Gr. branny. Brown's 
Prodr. Nov. Holl. i. 513.] In botany, a genus of the clafs 
didynamia,order angiofpermia, natural order verbenaceae, 
■Biff, in Ann. du Muf. Generic effential character—Calyx 
bell Ihaped, in five equal fegments ; corolla funnel-fhaped, 
its upper lip cloven half-way down, lower in three deep 
equal fegments ; fligma cloven ; drupe dry at the fummit, 
of four cells, perforated at thebafe ; feeds folitary in each 
cell. Only one fpecies. 
Pityrodia falvifolia. Found by Mr. Brown in the tro¬ 
pical part of New Holland. It is a flirub, with fcaly or 
bran-like pubefcence; whence the name was chofen. 
Leaves oppofite, Ample, lanceolate, nearly entire, rugofe, 
with a drongfinell, and nearly the tade of mint. Flow- 
er-dalks axillary, oppofite, many-flowered, denfely clus¬ 
tered. Flowers white. This genus is very nearly akin to 
Callicarpa. 
PIT'YUS, in ancient geography, a town fituated upon 
the Euxine Sea, at the didance of forty-four miles wed 
from Diofcurias, or Sebadopolis, which was confidered as 
the utinod boundary of the Roman empire, according 
to Arrian. This city was provided with a convenient 
port, and fortified with a drong wall. The Goths, in 
their fird naval expedition, met at this place with refift- 
ance more obflinate than they had reafon to expedl from 
the feeble garrifon of a difiant fortrefs; they were re- 
pulfed ; and their difappointment feemed to diminifh the 
terror of the Gothic name. As long as Succeflianus, an 
officer of fuperior rank and merit, defended that frontier, 
all their efforts were ineffectual ; but, as foon as he was 
removed by Valerian to a more honourable but lefs im¬ 
portant dation, they refumed the attack of Pityus; and, 
by the deftruclion of that city, obliterated the memory 
of their former difgrace. 
PITYU'SA, an ifland of the AEgean Sea, in the Her- 
monic gulf, feuth-ead of the peninfula of the Argolide, 
and fouth of the promontory Bucephalium. 
PIFYLPSAE IN'SULZE, Iflands of the Pityufes, or of 
P I V 559 
Pines, fo called on account of the number of thefe trees 
which grow upon thefe iflands. Ebufus, or Ivica, &c. 
belonged to this group. 
PITYU'SE I'SLES, iflands of the Mediterranean: con- 
tradidinguiflied from the Balearic, and fo called, accor¬ 
ding to Ptolemy, Strabo, and Pomponius Mela, from the 
Greek word wtlv;, a pine, whence nflvvo-u., “abounding 
in pines.” Thefe are—Ivica, which is theJarged; Fro- 
mentera, fouth of Ivica, feparated from the coad by a 
channel one league and a quarter in breadth, three 
leagues in extent from ead to wed, and from two leagues 
to a quarter of a league in breadth, containing about 200 
inhabitants, and fupplying wood, done, and corn, from 
which lad article it is faid to derive its prefent name ; the 
three Conejeras to the w r ed of the former, which, though 
of confiderable extent, are deditute of habitations, and 
furnifli food for the flocks of the neighbouring ides ; three 
fmall iflands, called the Gates of Ivica; the ifle of Groffa; 
the ifles of Santa Eulalia y de Arabi, lying towards the 
ead, the ifles of Margueritas, &c. The inhabitants of 
thefe iflands, the climate of which is mild and healthy, 
pay little attention to commerce ; but, as the land, which 
is mountainous and well wooded, is adapted to all forts 
of lnifbandry, the occupiers cultivate olives, vines, and 
corn ; and raife from thefe produdlions a greater quan¬ 
tity than they confume ; but they are forbidden to ex¬ 
port corn, oil, and fruits, and therefore, notwithflanding 
the richnefs and produdlivenefs of their foil, they almod 
all live in a fort of indigence; fait and wool are the only 
commodities which are exported in foreign bottoms. 
Their habits are much the fame with thofe of the inhabit¬ 
ants of the Balearic iflands, one of the chief of which is 
indolence; their language is alfo much the fame. They 
keep a number of holidays, which they devote to the 
purpofes of religion, or fuperftition ; and they have affem- 
blies and fome amufements. They are reckoned courage¬ 
ous, and difplay proofs of valour in their contefts with the 
pirates on the coalt of Barbary. 
PIT'ZEN, a town of Pruflia, in the province of Bar- 
tenland : nine miles fouth-fouth-weft of Raftenburg. 
PIT'ZENBERG, a town of Auftria : two miles north- 
weft of Schwannaftatt. 
PITZIUN'TA, or Dandar, a town of Circaffia. Lat. 
43. 45. N. Ion. 59. 10. E. 
PIUBE'GA, a town of Italy : four miles north of 
Mantua. 
PIV'OT, / [French.] A pin on which any thing turns. 
—Large gates, &c. ufually turn on pivots. The ancients 
tell us, they had theatres in Rome, that held eighty thou- 
fand people, which have yet turned on a Angle pivot. 
Chambers. 
Pivot, in military language, is that officer, ferjeant, 
corporal, or foldier, upon whom the different wheelings 
are made in military evolutions. Of thefe pivots two forts 
are diltinguiffied, according to the pofition of the troops 
that are governed by them ; viz. /landing and moveable 
pivots. When a battalion, e. g. Hands in open column 
of companies, the “ right in front,” the lad man upon 
the left of the front rank of each company, is called the 
inner, or /landing pivot; and the firft man upon the right 
ditto is called the outer, or wheeling flank. The accurate 
pofition of the different pivots is an objedl of great im¬ 
portance with regard to military movements ; and officers, 
in particular, ought to recoliedl, that, when they are 
polled upon the flanks, they become abfolutely neceffary 
to the prefervation of that perpendicular and parallel or¬ 
der of a march, without which diredlion, the beft-con- 
certed manoeuvres muff be ultimately rendered ufelefs. 
At the inftant when an officer has wheeled his divifion, 
he muff refume his perpendicular pofition, look ftedfaftly 
on his leading pivot, maintain his relative diflance, and 
keep his perfon perfedtly fquare. He ought likewife to 
be particularly corredl in ftepping off when the wheel is 
completed. The moveable pivot is one which, during the 
wheel of its divifion, advances in a circular diredlion, in- 
ftead of turning on the fpot where it originally Hood. 
7 * Thus, 
