R I 0 
ing out the bones, cutting it into large but thin slices, then 
curing it with salt, and drying it in the shade: it eats very 
well, and if kept dry, will remain good a long time at sea. 
Mutton is scarcely to be procured; and hogs and poultry are 
dear. Of vegetables and fruit there is abundance; but 
none can be kept at sea except the pumpkin : rum, sugar, and 
molasses, all excellent in their kind, may be had at a reason¬ 
able price; tobacco is also cheap, hut not good. Cook's 
Voyages by Haivkcsxvorth, vol. ii. Staunton's Embassy, 
vol. i. 
There are a multitude of rivers, which are termed Rio. 
Of these it may be sufficient to mention, 1.—Rio Reax,, 
a fiver of Brasil, which divides the captainship of Ser- 
gippe from that of All Saints. This river, if it were not 
tor the bar at the entrance, on which there is but ten feet of 
water, would be an inlet to the most fertile and pleasant part 
of the Brasils. Over the bar there is room enough, and depth 
of water sufficient for the whole navy of England to ride in 
safety. About four leagues above the-mouth, this river di¬ 
vides itself into four large branches, one running north-north¬ 
west, called Rio Fundo, another north-west, navigable for 
any vessel that can get near the bar, as far as the towns of St. 
Lucia and St. Eustatia, from the latter of which it takes its 
name, a third, called Rio de Pat) Grand, or Great Timber 
River, which runs west-noith-west. The main branch, 
which runs west-south-west, is also navigable as far as the 
town of Bahia, about 20 leagues from its mouth. On the 
banks of these branches there are many fine plantations, and 
small villages, which send great quantities of sugar, tobacco, 
and mandioc to Bahia or Fernambuco, as the wind permits. 
This river runs into the sea through four channels, formed 
by three small sandy islands, lying in the mouth of it. About 
12 leagues to the south of Rio Real is a small harbour, called 
Torre Garcia de Avilla, defended by four pieces of cannon ; 
the town lies about a mile above the port, on the highest land 
on this coast; and it is the best for a ship to make, that is 
bound to Bahia, while the north-east wind blows. 2.—Rio 
del Rey, a river of Africa, which runs into the Atlantic, 
north latitude, 4° 30' east longitude, 8° 5'. This river may 
be distinguished by the extreme high lands of Amboyes, be¬ 
tween it and the river Camarones, situated south-east from the 
mouth. It appears like a deep large bay running north, 21 
or 24 miles wide at the entrance, where the ground is oozy; 
the channel being exactly in the middle, free from shoals and 
sands, except near the east side which is foul; the shore on 
both sides is low and marshy. The river winch comes far 
from the north, is wide for a long interval into the country, 
and receives several considerable rivers in its course: the ad¬ 
jacent lands are populous and full of villages. The princi¬ 
pal trade consists in slaves and large elephants’ teeth, and 
akkori or blue coral. The inhabitants are called Calbongas. 
3.—Rio de Sal, a river of Mexico, which rises in the 
province of Culiacan, on the borders of New Biscay, and 
runs into the Pacific Ocean, north latitude 23° 40'. 4. 
—Rio Salado, a river of South America, in the province of 
Tucuman, which rises about 60 miles west of Salta, and first 
bears the name of “ Rio del Passage,” but being joined by 
several smaller streams, it changes its name to Salado, and 
runs into the Parana at Santa Fe, in the province of Buenos 
Ayres; its whole course being about 500 miles. 5.—Rio de 
los Sauces, a river of South America, which rises in Pata¬ 
gonia, and runs into the Atlantic by two streams, forming 
between them a considerable island, and the southern mouth 
of the bav of Anegada, south latitude 39° 45'. 
RIO DE LA PLATA. See Plata la. 
RIOBAMBA, a jurisdiction of South America, in the pro¬ 
vince of Quito; situated to the south of Latacunga. The pro¬ 
duct,ons and manufactures of the province of Riohamba ex¬ 
cel all the rest of the provinces of Peru. In various parts it 
has rich mines of gold and silver, and by means of the ware¬ 
houses at Yaguache and Noranjel, carries on a considerable 
trade with Guayaquil. This trade, in the manufactures of 
the country, which consist only of three sorts, cloth, bags, 
and linen, is attended with considerable profit to the dealers, 
R I O, ,111 
and advantage to the country, as all the poor people, wfeo 
are remarkably numerous, and persons of substance, except 
those of the capital, wear the goods manufactured in the 
country. Part of the wheat produced in the jurisdiction of 
Riobamba and Chimbo is sent to Guayaquil. 
RIOBAMBA, the capital of the jurisdiction above-mention¬ 
ed. This elegant town, by the devastation occasioned by the 
terrible earthquake on the 4th of February 1797, became a heap 
of ruins, and soon totally disappeared; for the peak of Sicalpa 
falling on the town, and stopping the two rivers which pass 
by it, formed a lake, so that even, the ruins were not visible. 
Of 9000 inhabitants, only about 400 escaped. Although 
Quito sustained little damage, Latacunga, and all the hamlets 
in its corregiamento, were utterly destroyed. Many persons 
perished, and the survivors were infected by the putridity of 
the dead bodies. Near Hambato many mountains split, and 
by their sudden fall, occasioned still more awful destruction 
among the human race. Quero,with all its people, were buried 
in an instant, under a cliff which fell on the town. Pelileo was 
overwhelmed by a stream of water and mud ; the circumjacent 
lands were all transposed; and a deadly silence indicated 
the general rain. Alausi and Guaranda also suffered greatly. 
The fate of Cuenqa, Coja, Jaen, and Guayaquil, was at that 
time unknown ; but the shocks do not seem to have extended 
so far. The cause of this desolation seems to have proceeded 
from the volcano Tangarunga or Tangurugua, between La¬ 
tacunga and Riobamba; as the tremendous subterraneous 
thunders all proceeded from that quarter, and the greatest ruiu 
was in its vicinity; towards the north the earthquake was 
faintly perceived at Pasto. Riobamba is distant OO niiles 
south from Quito. South latitude 1° 20'. West longitude. 
78° 30'. 
RIOLAN (John), the younger, an eminent physician and 
anatomist, son of a physician of the same name, who was a 
very learned member of. the faculty at Paris, was born at 
Paris, in 1577. His father took care to give him an educa¬ 
tion that might render him a worthy successor to himself in 
medical erudition, and in attachment to the ancient founders 
of the science. He was likewise well exercised in dissection, 
and, during four years, acted as dissector to the medical 
school. He took the degree of doctor at Paris, in 1604, and 
soon after began to make himself known by writings, prin¬ 
cipally anatomical. In 1613, he was nominated professor 
royal of anatomy and botany, in which last capacity he 
presented a request to Lewis XIII. for the establishment of a 
botanical garden in the University of Paris. He afterwards 
accompanied the Queen-mother, Mary de Medicis, in her 
banishment from court, and was with her when she died at 
Cologne, in 1642. He then returned to Paris, where he 
passed the remainder of his days in great professional repu¬ 
tation. He appears to have been unhappy in his family, 
probably in consequence of his harsh and querulous temper, 
which was perpetually displaying itself in angry controver¬ 
sies. His friend Guy Patin speaks of him as one who would 
never spare or forgive any person. He was twice cut for the 
stone, and died with calculous symptoms in 1657, at the age 
of 80, or, according to Patin, of 77. 
The principal works of Riolan were “ Schola Anatomica 
novis et rads Observationibus illustrata,” 1608, 8vo.; 
“ Osteologia,” 1614, 8vo.; “ Anthropographia,” first prin¬ 
ted in 1618, 8vo., and published in a third edition by Guy 
Patin in 1649, fob, under the title of “ Opera Anatomica;” 
this last contains all that the author had then written on 
anatomy, and exhibits him in the light of a considerable 
discoverer or improver. Several particulars of the new obser¬ 
vations in this work are mentioned by Haller. His “ En¬ 
chiridion Anatomicum et Pathologicum,” 1648, 12mo., is a 
compendium of his discoveries in anatomy and physiology, 
and contains many things not in the preceding work. To 
nearly the same purpose is his “ Opuscula Anatomica varia 
et nova,” 1652, 12mo. Most of his other writings are con¬ 
troversial. He wrote against the lymphatics of Barthohne, 
and the lacteals of Pecquet; and was one of the most per¬ 
tinacious antagonists of the immortal Harvey’s doctrine of the 
circulation of the blood. Harvey thought it due to Riolan's 
reputation 
