120 R I V 
r i v 
in pursuit of the same thing which another man pursues; 
a competitor. 
Oh love! thou sternly dost thy pow’r maintain, 
And wilt not bear a rival in thy reign ; 
Tyrants and thou all fellowish disdain. Dry den. 
A competitor in love. 
France and Burgundy, 
Great rivals in our younger daughter’s love. Shakspeare. 
Your rival's image in your worth I view ; 
And what I lov’d in him, esteem in you. Granville. 
RI'VAL, adj. Standing in competition; making the 
same claim; emulous. 
Equal in years, and rival in renown 
With Epaphus, the youthful Phaeton, 
Like honour claims. Dry den. 
To RI'VAL, v. a. To stand in competition with another 5 
to oppose.—Those, that have been raised by the interest ol 
some great minister, trample upon the steps by which they 
rise, to rival him in his greatness, and at length step into 
his place. South .—To emulate; to endeavour to equal or 
excel. 
Ambitious fool! with horny hoofs to pass 
O’er hollow arches of resounding brass; 
To rival thunder in its rapid course, 
And imitate inimitable force. Dryden. 
O thou, too great to rival or to praise, 
Forgive, lamented shade, these duteous lays. 
Lee had thy fire, and Congreve had thy wit; 
And copyists, here and there, some likeness hit; 
But none possess’d thy graces, and thy ease; 
In thee alone ’twas natural to please! Harte. 
To RI'VAL, v. n. To be competitors. Out of use. 
Burgundy, 
We first address towards you, who with this king 
Hath rivall'd for our daughter. Shakspeare. 
RIVALBA, a town of the north-west of Italy, in Piedmont. 
Population 1000; 10 miles north-north-east of Turin. 
RIVA'LITY, s. [ rivalitas , Lat.] Equal rank. Obsolete. 
—Cffisar, having made use of him in the wars ’gainst Pompey, 
presently denied him rivality ; would not let him partake 
in the glory of the action. Shakspeare. 
RI'VALRY, s. Competition; emulation.—It is the pri¬ 
vilege of posterity to set matters right between those antago¬ 
nists, who, by their rivalry for greatness, divided a whole 
age. Addison. 
RI'VALSHIP, s. The state or character of a rival. 
He hath confess’d 
To me in private that he loves another, 
My lady’s woman, Mrs. Pleasance; therefore 
Secure you of rivalship. B. Jonson. 
RIVALTA, a town in the central part of Austrian Italy, 
situated at the influx of the Mincio into the lake of Mantua. 
Population 1500; 5 miles west of Mantua. 
RIVALTA, a town of Italy, in the Sardinian states, pro¬ 
vince of Acqui. Population 1400. 
RIVARA, a town of Italy, in Piedmont, with 1200 in¬ 
habitants ; 14 miles west-by-north of Chivasso. 
RIVARD, or Risard (Francis), a French mathematical 
writer in the 18th century, who published several esteemed ele¬ 
mentary works for the instruction of young students in the 
sciences. With respect to his personal history, we are only in¬ 
formed, that he was a native of Neufchateau in Lorrain; that he 
was made professor of philosophy in the college of Beauvais; 
and that he died at Paris in the year 1778. His productions, 
though not possessing any claims to originality, and some¬ 
times drawn up on too large a scale for elementary treatises, 
are said to be sufficiently methodical and perspicuous. They 
consist of “ Elements of the Mathematics,” in 4to., of 
which the author published an abridgment, in 8vo.; “ A 
Treatise on the Sphere,” in 8vo.; “ A Treatise on Gno- 
monics,” in 8vo.; “ Tables of Sines,” in 8vo.; “ Recti¬ 
linear Trigonometry,” in 8vo.; “ Elements of Geometry,” in 
4to.; and “ Institutiones Philosophical,” published in 1778, 
in 2 vols. 12mo. Nouv. Diet. Hist. 
RIVAROLO, a town of Italy, in Piedmont, on the river 
Oreo. It is well built, and contains 5200 inhabitants. 
Its chief public building is a magnificent convent of Minor¬ 
ites ; 18 miles north-north-east of Turin. 
RIVAULT (David), a Freuch man of letters and various 
writer, called also M. de Flurance, from a lordship of that 
name belonging to his family, was born at Laval, in the pro¬ 
vince of Perche, about the year 1751. He was brought up in 
the family of the Count de Laval, and for some time followed 
the military profession, serving in Italy about the close of the 
16th century, and in Holland in the year 1602. During the 
following year, Henry IV. appointed him one of the gentle¬ 
men of his bed-chamber. In 1605, he accompanied the 
young Count de Laval into Hungary, and entered into the 
service of the Emperor against the Turks. Here he had soon 
the unhappiness to see that young nobleman fall in a skirmish 
with the enemy, andjhe was severely wounded himself on the 
sameoccasion. These events obligedhim to return to his native 
country, where he devoted his time to literary and scientific 
studies, in which he had before made considerable progress. 
In 1611, he was appointed sub-preceptor to the young King, 
Lewis XIII., as well as his reader, or tutor, in the mathe¬ 
matics, and had a pension of 3000 livres settled upon him. 
The office of principal preceptor becoming vacant during 
the next year, he received that appointment, and was hon¬ 
oured with the title of counsellor of state. In 1614, the 
King conferred on him letters of nobility. Soon afterwards 
his connection with his royal pupil wasfora time suspended, 
owing to the following circumstances. Being one day busily 
engaged at lecture, he found himself so much annoyed by a 
favourite dog of His Majesty’s, which was perpetually leap¬ 
ing up upon him, that he kicked the animal, to drive him 
av'ay, at which action the King was so exasperated, that he 
struck his preceptor; and Rivault, indignant at such treat¬ 
ment, resigned his place. However, Rivault was afterwards 
reconciled to the King, who, as a mark of gratitude for his 
services, promised to nominate him to a bishopric. Our 
author had the honour of being appointed by the King one 
of the attendants on Madame Elizabeth of France, and he 
accompanied her as far as Bayonne, upon her marriage with 
the King of Spain. He died on his return from this journey 
at Tours, in 1616, about the age of 45. He is spoken of with 
expressions of esteem and commendation by several of the 
most celebrated writers of his time, particularly by Casaubon, 
Scaliger, Vossius, Erpenius, and Menage. His productions 
consist of “ The States, or a Discourse concerning the Privi¬ 
leges of the Prince, the Nobles, and the third Estate, as ad¬ 
mitted in modern times, addressed to Henry IV.“ The true 
Art of acquiring Beauty, founded on that sacred Maxim, the 
Wisdom of her Mind beautifies her Countenance,” &c.; 
“ Elements of Gunnery, both theoretical and practical,” &c. 
which is a curious and very scarce work; “ Archimedis 
Opera quae extant,” and other pieces which are enumerated in 
Moreri. Nouv. Diet. Hist. 
RIVAROSSA, a town in the north-west of Italy, in Pied¬ 
mont, province of Turin, between the river Malone and the 
forest of Cice. Population 1400. 
RIVAULX, a village of England, North Riding of York¬ 
shire; 3 miles west-by-north of Helmsley. 
To RIVE, v. a. preter. rived, part, riven, [pype broken ; 
Saxon; rijven, Dutch; river, Fr. to drive.] To split; to 
cleave; to divide by a blunt instrument; to force in dis¬ 
ruption. 
At his haughty helmet 
So hugely struck, that it the steel did rive, 
And cleft his head. Spenser. 
O Cicero! 
I have seen tempests, when the scolding winds 
Have riv'd the knotty oaks; but ne’er till now 
Did I go through a tempest dropping fire. Shakspeare . 
To 
