783 
SCHOMBERG. 
and the like, as if he himself had been an inhabitant of the 
angelic world. 
SCHOLA'STICAL, adj. [scholasticus, Lat.] Belonging 
to a scholar or school; scholarlike. Cotgrave. —In the 
most strict and scholastical sense of that word. Barrow .— 
Suitable to the school, or form of theology so called.—Da- 
mascen first reduced the body of divinity into a scholastical 
method. Bp. Cosins. 
SCHOLA'STICALLY, adv. According to the niceties or 
method of the schools.—No moralists or casuists, that treat 
scholastically of justice, but treat of gratitude, under that 
general head, as a part of it. South. 
SCHOLASTICISM, s. The method or niceties of the 
schools.—The talents of Abelard were not confined to theo¬ 
logy, jurisprudence, philosophy, and the thorny paths of 
scholasticism : he gave proofs of a lively genius, by many 
poetical performances. Dr. War ton. 
SCHO'LIAST, [scholiastes, Lat.] A writer of ex¬ 
planatory notes.—The title of this satyre, in some ancient 
manuscripts, was the reproach of idleness; though in others 
of the scholiasts ’tis inscribed against the luxury of the rich. 
Dryden. 
What Gellius or Stobaeus cook’d before, 
Or chew’d by blind old scholiasts o’er and o’er. Pope. 
SCHOLIA'STIC, adj. Pertaining to a scholiast.—The 
true illuminated have met with such numberless commen¬ 
tators, whose scholiastic midwifery hath delivered them of 
meanings that the authors themselves, perhaps, never con- 
ceived. Swift 
To SCHO'LIAZ, v. n. To write notes.—He thinks to 
scho/iaze upon the Gospel. Milton. 
SCHO'LICAL, adj. [scho/icus, Lat.] Scholastic. Not 
in use, yet a good word. —It is a common scholical error 
to fill our papers and note-books with observations of 
great and famous events: — meanwhile things of ordinary 
course and common life gain no room in our paper-books. 
Hales. 
SCHO'LION, orScHo'uuM, s. [Latin.] A note; an 
explanatory observation.—Some cast all their metaphysical 
and moral learning into the method of mathematicians, and 
bring every thing relating to those abstracted or practical 
sciences under theorems, problems, postulates, scholiums, 
and corollaries. Watts. 
The term Scholium is much used in geometry, and other 
parts of mathematics; where, after demonstrating a pro¬ 
position, it is frequent to point out how it might be done 
some other way; or to give some advice or precaution, in 
order to prevent mistakes; or add some particular use or 
application thereof. 
SCHOLLERA [so named in honour of Frederick Adam 
Scholler], a plant described very imprefectly by Schreber, 
Gen. 785. 
SCHOLLIA [so named by Professor von Jacquin, jun., in 
compliment to Mr. George Scholl, curator of the imperial 
garden of Belvedere], a genus previously called Hoya, by 
Mr. R. Brown. See Rivina. 
SCIIOLT, or Szolt, formerly a separate palatinate of 
Hungary, but now a part of the palatinate of Pest. It lies 
to the east of the Danube. 
SCHO'LY, s. [scholium, Lat.] An explanatory note. 
This word, with the verb following, is, I fancy, peculiar to 
the learned Hooker.’’ Johnson. —That scholy had need of 
a very favourable reader, and a tractable, that should think 
it plain construction, when to be commanded in the word, 
and grounded upon the word, are made all one. Hooker. 
To SCHO'LY, v. 7i. To write expositions.—The preacher 
should want a text, whereupon to scholy. Hooker. 
SCHOMBERG (Frederic Amand), Duke of, a distin¬ 
guished officer, the son of count Schomberg, by an 
English lady, the daughter of lord Dudley, was born 
in 1608. He was initiated into the military life under 
Frederic Henry, prince of Orange, and afterwards served 
‘ under his son, William II. of Orange, who highly esteemed 
him. He then repaired to the court of France, where his 
reputation was so well known, that he obtained the govern¬ 
ment of Gravellines, of Fumes, and the surrounding coun¬ 
tries. He was reckoned in no way inferior to any general 
in that kingdom, excepting mareschal Turenne and the 
prince of Conde. The French court, thinking it necessary 
to diminish the power of Spain, sent Schomberg to the assist¬ 
ance of the Portuguese, who were engaged in a war with 
that country respecting the succession to their throne. 
Schomberg’s military talents gave a turn to the war in favour 
of his allies. The court of Spain was obliged to solicit 
peace in 1668, and to acknowledge the house of Braganza 
as the just heirs to the throne of Portugal. For his great 
services on this occasion he was created count Mentola in 
Portugal, and a pension of 5000/. was granted to him, with 
the reversion to his heirs. In 1673 he came to England to 
command the army, but the purity of his intentions being 
suspected, he found it necessary to return to France, which 
he soon left for the Netherlands. In June 1676 he forced 
the prince of Orange to raise the siege of Maestricht, after 
which he was almost immediately raised to the rank of 
mareschale of France. According to the writers in the “ Dic- 
tionnaire Historique,” he had been raised to that rank while 
he was serving in Portugal. Upon the revocation of the edict 
of Nantes, Schomberg, who was a Protestant, requested 
leave to retire to his own country. This petition was refused, 
but he was allowed to go into Portugal, where he imagined 
he should be kindly received on account of his past services. 
But the bigotry of the Portuguese, though it did not prevent 
them from accepting assistance from a heretic, when their 
kingdom was threatened with subversion, could not permit 
them to give him shelter when he came for protection. The 
detestable inquistion interfered, and the king was obliged to 
send him away. He then went to Holland, and soon after 
accepted from the elector of Brandenburg, and was invested 
with, the government of Ducal Prussia, and appointed com¬ 
mander-in-chief of the Elector’s forces. He followed the 
prince of Orange to England, when he came to take posses¬ 
sion of the throne of these realms; and when that prince 
was firmly established in the government, he appointed 
Schomberg to be commander-in chief of the forces, and 
master-general of the ordnance. In April 1689 he was 
made knight of the Garter, and naturalized by act of parlia¬ 
ment; and in the following spring he was created a baron, 
earl, marquis, and duke of the kingdom of England, by 
the name and title of Baron Teys, Earl of Brentford, Marquis 
of Harwich, and Duke of Schomberg. The House of Com¬ 
mons voted to him 100,000/. as a reward for his services. 
Of this he only received a very small part, but after his death 
a pension of 50001. was given to his son. 
In August 1689 he was sent to Ireland, to reduce that 
kingdom to obedience. When he arrived, he found himself 
at the head of an army of 12,000 foot, and 2000 horse, while 
king James commanded an army three times more numerous. 
Schomberg thought it dangerous to engage so superior a 
force, and remained on the defensive for six weeks, during 
which, owing to the wetness of the season, he lost a con¬ 
siderable part of his army. Schomberg was blamed for 
not bringing the king to action; but others, and those excel¬ 
lent judges, admired his conduct as a real display of great 
military talents. Had he risked an engagement, and been 
defeated, Ireland must have been lost. At the famous battle 
of the Boyne, which decided the fate of James, Schomberg 
passed the river at the head of his cavalry, defeated eight 
squadrons of the enemy, and broke the Irish infantry. 
When the French Protestants lost their commander, Schom¬ 
berg went to rally and lead them on to the charge. While 
thus engaged, a party of king James’s guard attacked him 
with great fury, and gave him two wounds in the head 
These would not of themselves have been dangerous, but 
the French Protestants, thinking their general was killed, 
fired upon the guards, and shot the duke of Schomberg dead 
on the spot. He was buired in St. Patrick’s cathedral. He 
is described by bishop Burnet as “ a calm man, of great 
application; 
